大英三-复习整理1

Unit2

第三题

1. Kids are more likely to intervene in a situation if they believe their parents expect them to help.

如果孩子相信父母希望他们帮忙，他们就更有可能介入某个情况。

1. The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to underestimate the degree of difficulty I would face in career advancement.

作为公司的新员工，我学到的第一课就是永远不要低估自己在职业发展中所面临的困难程度。

1. Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well, the illness began to recede. 正当我开始认为自己永远不会好起来的时候，病情开始好转。
2. Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is my first choice and I deem it a great honor if I could study in your department.

无论决定是什么，我想让你知道，你的部门是我的第一选择，我认为这是一个伟大的荣誉，如果我能在您的部门学习。

1. During one particularly bleak moment in my career, a senior colleague of mine said to me “If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and you’ll lose your dreams.”

在我职业生涯的一个特别暗淡的时刻，我的一位资深同事对我说:“如果你追逐你的梦想，钱就会来。”追随金钱，你就会失去梦想。”

1. Unless we can find a way to appraise nature and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse.

除非我们能找到一种方法来评估自然，然后投资保护它，否则我们的基本生命维持系统将会崩溃。

1. The blizzard moved south, turning into an icy rain that paralyzed the airports for three days.

暴风雪向南移动，变成了一场冰雨，使机场瘫痪了三天。

1. In this introduction we have diagnosed some of the causes of the illness and, in the following chapters, we will draw attention to its various unpleasant symptoms.

在本导论中，我们已经诊断了这种疾病的一些原因，在接下来的章节中，我们将提请注意它的各种令人不快的症状。

1. In those days, divorce under any circumstances was socially unacceptable and there was great dismay in the family who went through it.

在那个年代，在任何情况下离婚在社会上都是不可接受的，离婚的家庭都非常沮丧。

1. Every time she talked about being rejected in her hunt for a job, she seemed on the brink of tears, and I would quickly switch the conversation to another topic.

每次她说起求职被拒的事，似乎都快哭出来了（…的边缘），而我很快就会把话题转移到另一个话题上。

第七题

1. 1When the bus pulled to a stop and I got off, I was relieved because I had finished school and I had the weekend ahead of me to enjoy myself.

当公共汽车停了下来，我下了车，我松了一口气，因为我已经结束了学业，可以尽情享受周末了。

1. When my car crashed into the big tree,I could feel the blood draining from my face and I wondered whether I was about to black out.

当我的车撞到那棵大树上时，我能感觉到血从我的脸上流出来，我想我是不是要晕过去了。

1. All kinds of questions concerning the soaring housing price begin to pop up on cable television and the blogosphere(博客圈).

在有线电视和博客圈关于房价飙升的各种问题突然冒出来

1. The soldier‘s rapid march was stopped short by the general’s command; they were uncertain whether to go back or forward.

士兵的快速行进被将军的命令突然停止了;他们不确定是回去还是前进。

1. A car crashed into the side of a house after the driver lost control and plowed through a hedge (树篱).

一辆汽车在司机失去控制后撞上了一所房子的一侧，并撞上了一处树篱。

1. Charles reappeared, after half an hour’s absence, and threw himself into an  armchair, where he lay back for some time with his eyes shut.

查尔斯离开了半个小时后又出现了，他一头倒在一张扶手椅上，闭着眼睛躺了一会儿。

1. No special equipment is needed other than inspiring, motivating music that you can dance passionately to and let yourself go.

不需要任何特殊的设备，除了鼓舞人心的、激励人心的音乐，你可以随着音乐激情地跳舞，放飞自我。

1. As her door began to open, she grabbed for the telephone, and then dropped the receiver as Luke walked in.

当她的门开始打开时，她抓住电话，然后卢克走了进来，她扔掉了听筒。

Unit4

第三题

1. Although secondary education is compulsory, parents are not required to send their children to state schools.

虽然中学教育是强制性的，但家长不需要把他们的孩子送去公立学校。

1. The economic situation has been worsening, causing economists to contemplate whether the present policies are sustainable

经济形势日益恶化，导致经济学家们开始考虑目前的政策是否可持续

1. He was found guilty and was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died very quickly, aged only 47.

他被判有罪，并被囚禁在伦敦塔，在那里他很快就死了，年仅47岁。

1. It is obvious that the future of the Internet is to globalize more and more areas of the world, and that e-commerce and e-entertainment are going to go for more and more markets.

很明显，互联网的未来是将世界上越来越多的领域全球化，电子商务和电子娱乐将占据越来越多的市场。

1. However, your current losses should soon be offset by gains; the fund will produce a positive return of 11.6 percent over a nine-month period.

然而，你目前的损失很快会被收益抵消，该基金将在9个月内产生11.6%的正回报率。

1. Because she was so tall and slim, all the clothes looked marvelous on her and the other girls would groan their envy.

因为她又高又瘦，所有的衣服穿在她身上都很漂亮，其他女孩都会羡慕地抱怨。

1. This can be a helpful approach in discussion — someone may regard you as stubborn since you never want to change your mind, whereas you see yourself as determined.

这在讨论中是一个有用的方法——有人可能会认为你很固执，因为你从来不想改变自己的想法，而你认为自己很坚定。

1. At weekends, the school park is almost empty except that a few cars cluster near the entrance.

在周末，学校公园几乎是空的，除了入口附近的几辆汽车群。

1. In the photographer's finest pictures there is also a degree of ambiguity, which allows them to be interpreted in a variety of ways.

在摄影师最好的照片中也有一定程度的模糊性，这使得他们可以用各种各样的方式来解释。

1. Tim stretched out a hand in apology for his thoughtless remarks and was consoled by a firm handshake from Mark.

蒂姆为自己轻率的言论向马克伸出手道歉，马克坚定地与他握手以示安慰。

第七题

1. Virginia was a perfectionist.She was just not prepared to settle for anything that was second best.

维吉尼亚是个完美主义者，她只是不准备接受任何次等的东西。

1. He could be quite casual in his attitude to his wife's anxiety,and more often than not（往往，多半） failed to let her know when he would be back from a business trip.

他对妻子的焦虑态度可能很随便，而且经常（半途而废）不让她知道他什么时候出差回来。

1. “You'll kill yourself with those things," Arty said in a tone In which disappointment was mingled with disgust.

“你会用这些东西自杀的，”阿蒂说，口气里夹杂着失望和厌恶。

1. Thanks to modern transportation,agricultural products in these remote mountainous regions can also be traded for other goods.

由于现代交通运输，这些偏远山区的农产品也可以换成其他商品。

1. As the market was saturated with a wide variety of goods,the economy became more balanced and the competition forced the prices down.

随着市场上商品逐渐饱和，经济变得更加平衡，竞争迫使价格下降。

1. Going with the flow doesn't mean that we don't know where we're going; it means that We are open to multiple ways of getting there.

随波逐流并不意味着我们不知道要去哪里；这意味着我们可以通过多种方式到达那里。

1. The athlete had been endowed with long legs and a persistent temperament so he was very successful.

这位运动员具有长腿和坚持不懈的特点，所以他非常成功。

1. The wrongly accused man asked for extra compensation to make up for the stress he had suffered during the case.

被错误指控的男子要求额外赔偿，以弥补他在案件中所受的压力。

Unit6

第三题

1. Much of the city was evacuated before the storm but thousands remained, many of whom were trapped by the water for days.

该市大部分地区在风暴来临前被疏散，但仍有数千人被困，其中许多人被水困了几天。

1. Located in the heart of the city, the Dogs' Home is open seven days a week, 365 days a year to receive stray dogs.

狗狗之家位于市中心，每周7天开放，一年365天接收流浪狗。

1. With the development of modern industries, a lot of traditional values that developed from a farm-based economy have been enormously diluted.

随着现代工业的发展，许多以农场为基础的经济发展的传统价值被大大稀释了。

1. There are gigantic changes in environmental conditions from freezing cold to extremely hot, and from dry to very humid.

环境条件发生了巨大的变化，从极冷到极热，从干燥到非常潮湿。

1. From a practical standpoint, how can you reduce production costs and at the same time minimize the risks involved?

从实际的立场来看，你如何降低生产成本，同时最大限度地减少所涉及的风险？

1. Child mortality decreased due to improvements in medical care and greater attention to problems related to proper nutrition.

由于医疗保健的改善和对适当营养问题的更多关注，儿童死亡率有所下降。

1. The disaster is already set to be the world's worst for ground casualties inflicted by a crashing aircraft.

这场灾难已经成为世界上由飞机坠毁造成的最严重的地面人员伤亡。

1. With Spring Festival drawing nearer, people are glowing with happiness, and are full of hope; this excitement is pervasive before New Year's Eve.

随着春节临近，人们都在幸福的光辉，充满了希望，这种兴奋在新年前夕是普遍的。

1. Don't be too naive! If the manager of the car dealership intended to give you the job, he would have called you by now.

别太天真了!如果汽车经销商的经理打算给你这份工作，他现在已经给你打电话了。

1. To a large extent, computers have already permeated most aspects of our lives, from transportation and telecommunications to entertainment.

在很大程度上，计算机已经渗透到我们生活的大部分，从交通和电信到娱乐。

第七题

1. Melanie got so upset by what Max had said to her that something inside her exploded, and she flew at him and hit him in a rage.

梅兰妮被麦克斯对她说的话弄得心烦意乱，她内心的什么东西爆炸了，她飞向他，愤怒地打了他。

1. Barbara left Alice and wove her way through the crowd to the library to avoid a late fee and renew the books she borrowed two months ago.

芭芭拉离开了爱丽丝，挤过人群来到图书馆，以避免交滞纳费，并续借她两个月前借的书。

1. Happiness radiated from Mary as she proudly told her parents about her remarkable Access in achieving her career goals!

当玛丽自豪地告诉父母她在实现职业目标方面的非凡成就时，她身上散发出幸福的光芒！

1. For people who live in industrialized I countries, it is hard to conceive of living without electricity and other modem conveniences.

对于生活在工业化国家的人们来说，很难想象没有电和其他现代便利设施的生活。

1. The car was lined with steel to protect the occupants from attacks by angry residents, who were strongly against gambling being allowed in their community.

这辆车的内衬(镶有)是钢铁，以保护乘客免受愤怒的居民的袭击，他们强烈反对在社区内赌博。

1. The boys stood at the shore of the river which was filled with water from the melting snow in the mountains, and they were hesitating to dive into the icy water below them.

男孩们站在河边，河里充满了山上融化的雪，他们犹豫着要不要跳进下面冰冷的水里。

1. I bought a second-hand pocket English- English dictionary; it’s been very useful and cost me next to nothing.

我买了一本二手袖珍英英词典;它非常有用，而且几乎没花我什么钱。

1. It was a hot and humid night; all the soldiers stayed down out of sight, waiting for the orders to attack.

那是一个又热又潮湿的夜晚;所有的士兵都躲在(蹲伏)看不见的地方，等待进攻的命令。

Unit7

第三题

1. People donate canned food and old clothes most frequently, but rarely do they think about bringing in underwear- it’s one of the most obvious but overlooked needs of the homeless.

人们捐赠罐头食品和旧衣服的频率最高，但很少有人想到要捐赠内衣——这是无家可归者最明显却被忽视的需求之一。

1. Brian Wood watched his financial life spiral downward just when he thought he had overcome the obstacles which had been dominating his past.

布莱恩·伍德眼看着自己的财务状况每况愈下（螺旋下降），就在他以为自己已经克服了过去一直困扰着他的种种障碍的时候。

1. They are to leave the house with only their personal possessions, for they have got a letter ordering the immediate termination of their occupancy.

他们只能带着个人物品离开这所房子，因为他们收到了一封信，要求立即终止他们的居住。

1. The company was reportedly going bankrupt and this would result in the layoff of thousands of employees.

据报道，这家公司即将破产，这将导致数千名员工被解雇。

1. The princess who was brought up in wealth understood that many things that are common and every day to her are unimaginable luxuries to people on subsistence wages.

在富裕的环境中长大的公主明白，许多对她来说司空见惯的东西，对那些靠微薄工资生活的人来说，都是难以想象的奢侈品。

1. Young students should develop a broad spectrum of interests, which their parents should encourage and support as best as possible.

年轻的学生应该培养广泛的兴趣，他们的父母应该尽可能地鼓励和支持。

1. I asked the waitress to refill my coffee cup and she happily complied repeatedly until I had consumed enough coffee to stay up all night and study for my exam.

我让服务员给我续杯咖啡，她高兴地一再照办，直到我喝了足够的咖啡，可以熬夜复习考试。

1. Though she lost the title of female world swimming champion last year, she reclaimed it this year when she gave it all she could.

虽然她去年失去了女子游泳世界冠军的头衔，但今年她全力以赴，重新获得了冠军。

1. This type of system which originated in the United Kingdom has been widely used Throughout Europe and is gaining in popularity in the United States of America and Japan.

这种起源于英国的系统在整个欧洲被广泛使用，并在美利坚合众国和日本获得了普及。

1. Failure to make the request will be fatal to the accuser’s claim if the relevant limitation period has expired unless an extension of time is granted.

如果有关的时效期已过，除非获准延长时间，否则不提出要求对原告的申索将是致命的。

第七题

1. He put down $20,000 as a deposit on the beautiful $200,000 villa believing that his investment would increase over time.

他为这座价值20万美元的美丽别墅付了2万美元的定金，相信随着时间的推移，他的投资会增加。

1. The parents who feel that their own lives are miserable and are failures can wind up doing an immense amount of damage to their kids.

觉得自己的生活很悲惨、很失败的父母最终会给孩子带来巨大的伤害。

1. Families that are paying for college or saving for college are trying to scrape together and save the money for their kids.

为大学买单或为大学存钱的家庭正努力凑齐钱，为孩子攒钱。

1. Reporters were openly and aggressively questioning whether the party was on the verge of being taken over by extremists.

记者们公开、积极地质疑该党是否即将被极端分子接管。

1. The factory had just started production and in all likelihood it would take five to seven years to achieve full production.

工厂刚刚开始生产，很可能需要五到七年才能实现全部生产。

1. The conditions for the majority of the workforce will continue to deteriorate into widespread and extreme poverty if relief payment is late in comings.

如果救济金迟迟不能发放，大多数劳动力的状况将继续恶化成普遍和极端贫困。

1. Only those who are weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each choice are in a position to know which one is best for them.

只有那些权衡每种选择的利弊的人才能知道哪种选择最适合自己。

1. Her romantic illusions of being married give way to recognizing her adult responsibilities that came with marriage.

她对结婚的浪漫幻想让位于认识到伴随婚姻而来的成年责任。

Unit8

第三题

1. He could hardly control his indignation at the conditions under which the miners were forced to work, without water and enough food.

矿工们被迫在没有水和足够食物的条件下工作，他几乎无法控制自己的愤怒。

1. Both sides were very careful when drafting the ceasefire agreements; they wanted to prevent any actions that could be considered provocative by either side.

双方在起草停火协议时非常谨慎，他们想阻止任何可能被双方视为挑衅的行为。

1. She has always had a militant personality; she is always prepared and ready to do battle when she believes that the cause is right.

她一直有一种好斗的性格;当她相信事业是正确的时候，她总是做好准备，随时准备战斗。

1. News stories overlap: Morning paper headlines take account of the previous evening’s radio and TV stories, and the electronic media pick up items from the daily press.

新闻报道是重叠的:晨报的头条报道前一天晚上的广播和电视新闻，而电子媒体则从日报上获取新闻。

1. Lucy stretched up to kiss her dad’s cheek lightly, and he patted his daughter as if he was conferring an honor to her.

露西伸出身子轻轻吻了吻爸爸的脸颊，爸爸拍了拍女儿，好像在授予她荣誉似的。

1. Inspired by Martin Luther King’s famous speech, “I Have a Dream”, thousands of people went out onto the streets to support the civil rights movement in defiance of the curfew.

在马丁·路德·金著名演讲《我有一个梦想》的鼓舞下，成千上万的人不顾宵禁走上街头支持民权运动。

1. Beth was hesitant about visiting his ex-boyfriend; she worried that he might refuse to talk to her.

Beth 很犹豫是否要去拜访他的前男友，她担心他可能拒绝和她说话。

1. When humans first traveled into outer space, it was as revolutionary a milestone in human culture as the invention of the wheel.

当人类第一次进入外太空时，它就像车轮的发明一样，是人类文化中革命性的里程碑。

1. Perplexed, she turned and noticed her husband had collapsed and was slumped on the floor behind the counter. She rushed to him and cradled his head in her arms.

她困惑地转过身来，发现丈夫已经倒下，瘫倒在柜台后面的地板上。她冲过去，把他的头抱在怀里。

1. Health experts are now preaching that even a little exercise, such as doing housework or light gardening, is far better than none at all.

健康专家现在正在宣传，即使是做一点运动，比如做家务或轻微的园艺，也比完全不运动要好得多

第七题

1. Our students have almost limitless resources at their disposal; a well-equipped library, student workrooms, a large cafeteria, an undergraduate office and a computer center.

我们的学生几乎拥有无限的资源供他们使用：设备齐全的图书馆学生工作室、大型自助餐厅、本科办公室和计算机中心。

1. South Africa's government imprisoned Nelson Mandela for 27 years, but never succeeded in its attempt to insulate him from his sacred cause against racial separation.

南非政府囚禁了纳尔逊·曼德拉27年，但从未成功地将他与反对种族分离的神圣事业隔离开来。

1. Please remember to keep a copy for yourself as we cannot return manuscripts, irrespective of whether or not they are published.

请记得为自己保留一份，因为我们不能退还手稿，无论它们是否出版。

1. He won't be able to make any progress if he always has a high opinion of himself and criticism flows off him like water off a duck's back.

如果他总是对自己有很高的评价，批评就像鸭子背上的水一样从他身上流下来，他就不会有任何进展。

1. Since Mary won the money and bought up the majority of the company's stock shares she now has authority over the people she used to take orders from.

自从玛丽赢了钱，买下了公司的大部分股份后，她现在对过去听命于她的人有了控制权。

1. Your new boss is nice and will be kind to you provided that you, for your part work diligently without complaining too much.

你的新老板对你很好，也会对你很好，只要你努力工作，不向他抱怨。

1. Despite the measures put in place to prevent plagiarism, it is sill not clear how students can get away with cheating in their exams.

尽管已采取措施防止剽窃。现在还不清楚学生能否在考试中作弊。

1. When the economic slump hit the country, many people who had lost their jobs had to dispense with a lot of luxuries.

当经济衰退袭击这个国家时，许多失业的人不得不放弃很多奢侈品。

1. The majority of people are not lazy; they want to work hard, want to have a better future, and want to provide for their families.

大多数人并不懒惰，他们想努力工作，想有一个更好的未来，想养家糊口。

1. In 1940, some people thought Franklin Roosevelt was tiptoeing around the question of war, instead of confronting it，until the Japanese suddenly attacked the United States Navy Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor.

1940年，一些人认为富兰克林·罗斯福是在悄悄地回避战争问题，而不是面对战争，直到日本突然在珍珠港袭击了美国海军太平洋舰队。

Unit2

Social anxiety symptoms often begin during adolescence. It's a developmental process that is 1)characterized by profound psychological changes, especially in terms of how we relate to others. One of the most frustrating 2)aspects of the adolescent years is the tendency for tendency for self-focus and a decrease in the 3)amount of focus we have for the feelings and needs of others.

While these changes are fairly universal, those of us who were born with a shy temperament can carry the adolescent fears, which may never 4)recede, into adulthood. An anxious temperament causes our brains to react forcibly when 5)exposed to the stress of sudden awareness of our peers and gradually we become more and more vulnerable. Our brains label the fear of exposure or embarrassment as highly dangerous. This may result in a(n) 6)vicious circle for many years: excessive self-consciousness and inhibition when we feel we are being observed.

To cope with the problem, I would like 7)challenge you to strive for increased focus on other people, in place of your 8)excessive focus on yourself. Yes, I know, this is easier said than done. The fear may cause you to feel that you will lose control or make a fool of yourself when you are in the spotlight. But if you begin to build a new response, in 9)reaction to your fears, you will gradually build up a stronger and more positive response. Remember, don't let self-consciousness 10)paralyze you! Be courageous!

社交焦虑症状通常始于青春期。这是一个以深刻的心理变化为1)特征的发展过程，尤其是在我们如何与他人相处2)方面。青少年时期最令人沮丧的一个方面是倾向于自我关注，而对他人的感受和需求的关注的3)数量减少。

虽然这些变化是相当普遍的，但我们这些天生害羞的人可能会把青春期的恐惧带到成年后，这种恐惧可能永远不会4)消退。焦虑的性情会使我们的大脑在面对突然意识到同伴的压力时做出强烈反应，逐渐地，我们变得越来越脆弱。我们的大脑将5)暴露或尴尬的恐惧标记为高度危险。这可能会导致多年的6)恶性循环:当我们觉得自己被观察时，过度的自我意识和抑制。

为了解决这个问题，我想7)挑战你，努力把更多的注意力放在别人身上，而不是8)过度地关注自己。是的，我知道，说起来容易做起来难。这种恐惧可能会让你觉得当你在聚光灯下时，你会失去控制或出丑。但如果你开始用一种新的反应，来应对你的恐惧，你会逐渐建立一个更强大、更积极的9)反应。记住，不要让自我意识10)麻痹你!是勇敢的!

Unit4

"Why would you leave behind your comfortable bed, your home, your family and friends?  Why do you want to go alone?" When you are living out of a backpack for a period of time, you may often get questioned why. I seldom get time to sit down and 1)contemplate the reason I travel, but I believe that you only begin to truly live once you step outside of your 2)comfort zone.

My first overseas trip was at 14 years old, which 3)sparked my curiosity for the world. Since finishing high school I have4)ventured through various countries and been amazed by all the 5)diverse cultures scattered around the globe. My eyes are my greatest asset as they have 6)witnessed the most beautiful scenes that replay in my mind every day: 7)stunning landscapes, friendly locals, breath-taking architecture, and food that makes your mouth water once your eyes catch a(n) 8)glimpse.

Traveling teaches you to be independent in the most 9)positive way. I know how to depend on myself, go out and meet people, and not let anyone else's expectations 10)dictate my life.

Every day I see my dream and every day it's in a new place. I am 22 years young. I quite agree with Anthony Bourdain, "If you're 22, physically fit, hungry to learn and be better, I urge you to travel. Find out how other people live and eat and cook. Learn from them, wherever you go."

“你为什么要离开你舒适的床、你的家、你的家人和朋友?你为什么要一个人去呢?”当你有一段时间背着双肩包生活时，你可能经常会被问到为什么。我很少有时间坐下来1)思考我旅行的原因，但我相信只有当你走出自己的2)舒适区，你才开始真正地生活。

我第一次出国是在14岁的时候，这3)激发了我对世界的好奇心。自从高中毕业后，我就大胆地4)穿越了各个国家，对遍布全球的各种5)不同文化感到惊奇。我的眼睛是我最大的财富，因为它们6)见证了每天在我脑海中重现的最美的场景：7)令人惊叹的风景、友好的当地人、令人叹为观止的建筑和食物，一旦你的眼睛8)一瞥，就会让你口水直流。

旅行教会你以最9)积极的方式独立。我知道如何依靠自己，出去和别人见面，而不让别人的意念10)支配我的生活。每天我看到我的梦想，每天它都在一个新的地方。我22岁。我完全同意安东尼·伯恩的观点，“如果你22岁，身体健康，渴望学习并变得更好，我鼓励你去旅行。了解其他人的生活、饮食和烹饪方式。无论你去哪里，都要向他们学习。”

Unit6

World War II was a global war that was under way by 1939, and ended in 1945. It involved a vast majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis(轴心国). It was the most 1)appalling and widespread war in human history, with 2)innumerable people serving in military units. In a state of "total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing(消除) the 3)distinction between civilian and military resources. Estimates for the total number of 4)casualties of the war vary, because many deaths went 5)unrecorded. Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, and 6)massacres.

The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over the Axis in 1945. World War II altered the political alignment(结盟) and social structure of the world. The United Nations was established to 7)foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the 8)stage for the so-called Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of the European great powers started to 9)decline , while the decolonization(非殖民地化) of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved toward economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to 10)stabilize post-war relations.

第二次世界大战是一场全球性战争，于1939年开始，并于1945年结束。它奉涉到世界上绝大多数国家，包括所有大国，最终形成了两个对立的军事联盟：盟国和轴心国。这是人类历史上最1)骇人听闻，范围最广的战争，2)无数人在军队服役。在“全面战争”的状态下，主要参与者将他们的整个经济、工业和科学能力用于战争努力，消除了民用和军事资源之间的3)区别。对战争总4)伤亡人数的估计各不相同，因为许多死亡人数5)没有记录。大多数人认为有六千万人死于战争。许多平民死于疾病、饥饿和6)屠杀。

战争以1945年盟军战胜轴心国而结束。第二次世界大战改变了世界的政党联盟和社会结构。联合国的建立是为了7)促进国际合作和预防未来的冲突。苏联和美国作为对立的超级大国出现，为所谓的冷战奠定了8)基础，冷战持续了46年。与此同时，欧洲列强的影响力开始9)下降，而亚洲和非洲的非殖民化开始了。大多数工业受损的国家转向经济复苏。政治一体化，尤其是在欧洲，是10)稳定战后关系的一种努力。

Unit7

The American economy is built on credit. In the last decade, however, cheap credit made it too easy for people to buy houses based on pure speculation that real estate value would endlessly continue to increase. But the housing 1)slump set off a chain reaction in our economy. Individuals and investors could no longer resell their homes for a quick profit, 2)mortgages no longer became affordable for many homeowners, and thousands of mortgages defaulted (违约), leaving investors and financial institutions to face the terrible consequences.

Ironic, isn't it? Yes, it is true that credit got us into this mess, but it is also true that our economy is 3)incredibly unstable right now, and being that it is built on credit, it needs an inflow of cash or it could come 4)crashing down. This is something no one wants to see as it would 5)spread through our economy and into the world markets in a matter of hours,potentially causing a worldwide recession.

 Credit in and of itself is not a bad thing. Credit 6)promotes growth and jobs. Poor use of credit, however, can be 7)catastrophic, which is what we are on the 8)verge of seeing now. So long as the rescue plan comes with changes to lending regulations and more 9)oversight of the industry, there is potential to 10)stabilize the market, which is what everyone wants.Whether or not it works is to be seen, but as it has already been voted on and passed, we should all hope it does.

美国经济建立在信贷基础上。然而，在过去十年中，廉价信贷使得人们很容易基于房地产价值将无止境地持续增长的纯粹投机来买房。但房地产的1)暴跌在我们的经济中引发了连锁反应。个人和投资者再也不能为了快速获利而转售房屋，2)抵押贷款不再为许多房主所能负担，成千上万的抵押贷款违约，让投资者和金融机构面临可怕的后果。

讽刺，不是吗？是的，信贷确实让我们陷入了这场混乱，但我们的经济现在3)非常不稳定，而且由于它是建立在信贷基础上的，所以它需要现金流入，否则它可能会4)崩溃。这是没有人愿意看到的，因为它会在几个小时内通过我们的经济5)传播到世界市场，可能导致全球经济衰退。

信用本身并不是坏事。信贷6)促进增长和就业。然而，信贷的不当使用可能会带来7)灾难性的后果，这正是我们现在8)即将所看到的。只要救助计划伴随着贷款法规的改变和对行业的更多9)监督，就有可能10)稳定市场，这是每个人都希望的。它是否有效有待观察，但由于它已经表决通过，我们都应该希望它能起作用。

Unit8

Laughter is a(n) 1)automatic response to being touched by a tickle(搔痒)—a natural response from the child. This puts the tickler in 2)charge of how much or how long the child laughs. We adults don’t read children’s minds, but we often have a(n) 3)presumption that we can. So we usually think we‘re aware of what’s too much tickling and when to stop. But it is possible to trap our children without knowing it. We parents become 4)attached to tickling because it seems to be a(n) 5)handy shortcut to laughter. We wish that our children are happy and love us, and tickling becomes our shortcut to get assured.

Rather than forcing laughter in this way, we can 6)confer upon them inner confidence if we will get down on the floor and invite them to be in playful physical 7)contact with us. If we find ways to give them much of the power, our children will laugh and laugh. Games like “I have a hundred hugs for you!” or “Where’s Jared? I know he’s around here somewhere.” let children laugh and laugh as we try to catch them, or try to find them, or try to 8)bounce them off our backs, and fail over and over.

The physical contact that requires more creativity than tickling allows us to 9)tumble around, to press our heads against their stomachs here and there fora second, and to manage an embrace before they make another daring escape. We get our affection across without trapping our children. And we give them chance to be inventive as they use their 10)intellect to figure out a hundred ways to outsmart us.

笑是被挠痒痒时的1)自动反应(搔痒)——孩子的自然反应。这让挠痒痒的人2)负责孩子笑的次数和时间。我们成年人读不懂孩子们的心思，但我们通常3)认为自己可以。所以我们通常认为我们知道什么是过度挠痒，什么时候该停止挠痒。但我们的孩子可能会在不知情的情况下陷入困境。我们做父母的4)喜欢挠痒痒，因为这似乎是通往笑声的5)（方便的）捷径。我们希望我们的孩子快乐、爱我们，挠痒痒就成了我们获得安全感的捷径。

与其用这种方式强迫他们笑，不如我们跪在地板上，邀请他们与我们进行有趣的身体7)接触，从而6)赋予他们内心的信心。如果我们想办法赋予他们更多的权力，我们的孩子会笑个不停。像“我有一百个拥抱给你!”或者“杰瑞德在哪里?”我知道他就在这附近。“让孩子们笑啊笑，当我们试图抓住他们，或者试图找到他们，或者试图把他们从我们的背上8)弹开，一次又一次地失败。

这种身体接触需要更多的创造力，而不是挠痒痒，我们可以四处9)翻滚，用头不时地压在它们的肚子上，在它们再次大胆逃跑之前设法拥抱它们。我们既能表达我们的感情，又不会让孩子陷入困境。我们给了他们发挥创造力的机会，让他们用自己的10)智慧想出一百种方法来智胜我们。