GUI项目文件组成

1 GUI程序结构与运行机制 

1.1 项目配置文件  【.pro】 

后缀“.pro”文件为项目配置文件

QT       += core gui

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0

SOURCES += \
    main.cpp \
    widget.cpp

HEADERS += \
    widget.h

FORMS += \
    widget.ui

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

QT += widgets + 空格 + 模块名（库名）
作用：用来配置Qt系统的库，也包含头文件路径
加载Qt 内部库 (例如：QT += core gui，去掉对某个库的加载：QT -= gui)

#在项目中使用Qt SQL模块
QT += sql

1.2 文件widget.h

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Widget; }    //Widget为文件ui_widget.h里面定义的一个类用于描述可视化设计                    
                                  //的窗口界面，该命名空间包含一个类widget
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT    //插入这个宏之后，widget类中就可以使用信号与槽、属性等功能

public:
    Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;    
   //ui是窗口UI类的对象指针指向可视化窗口界面要访问窗口上面的组件，就通过该指针来实现
   //即ui相当于一个父类指针，通过父类指针可以访问多个不同的子类对象
};
#endif // WIDGET_H

1.3 文件widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent):QWidget(parent), ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);    //子类通过指针来访问父类中的函数
    //this是Widget实例对象
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
}

ui->setupUi(this);  表示运行了Ui::Widget类的setupUi()函数，并且以this作为函数setupUi()的输入参数，this就是Widget类对象的实例，也就是一个窗口。setupUi()函数里会创建窗口上所有的界面组件，并且以Widget窗口作为所有组件的父容器；

1.4 文件ui_widget.h

/********************************************************************************
** Form generated from reading UI file 'widget.ui'
**
** Created by: Qt User Interface Compiler version 5.14.2
**
** WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost when recompiling UI file!
********************************************************************************/
#ifndef UI_WIDGET_H
#define UI_WIDGET_H
#include <QtCore/QVariant>
#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
#include <QtWidgets/QLabel>
#include <QtWidgets/QPushButton>
#include <QtWidgets/QWidget>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

class Ui_Widget
{
public:
    QLabel *label;
    QPushButton *pushButton;

    void setupUi(QWidget *Widget)
    {
        if (Widget->objectName().isEmpty())
            Widget->setObjectName(QString::fromUtf8("Widget"));
        Widget->resize(355, 220);
        label = new QLabel(Widget);
        label->setObjectName(QString::fromUtf8("label"));
        label->setGeometry(QRect(110, 70, 131, 41));
        QFont font;
        font.setFamily(QString::fromUtf8("Times New Roman"));
        font.setPointSize(20);
        font.setBold(true);
        font.setWeight(75);
        label->setFont(font);
        pushButton = new QPushButton(Widget);
        pushButton->setObjectName(QString::fromUtf8("pushButton"));
        pushButton->setGeometry(QRect(260, 180, 81, 31));
        QFont font1;
        font1.setFamily(QString::fromUtf8("Times New Roman"));
        font1.setPointSize(18);
        font1.setBold(true);
        font1.setWeight(75);
        pushButton->setFont(font1);

        retranslateUi(Widget);    #设置界面上各组件的文字属性
        //设置信号与槽的关联
        QObject::connect(pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), Widget, SLOT(close()));
        QMetaObject::connectSlotsByName(Widget);
    } // setupUi
    void retranslateUi(QWidget *Widget)
    {
        Widget->setWindowTitle(QCoreApplication::translate("Widget", "Widget", nullptr));
        label->setText(QCoreApplication::translate("Widget", "Hello Qt6!", nullptr));
        pushButton->setText(QCoreApplication::translate("Widget", "close", nullptr));
    } // retranslateUi
};
//定义名字空间Ui,并定义一个类Widget从Ui_Widget继承而来；
namespace Ui {
    class Widget: public Ui_Widget {};
} // namespace Ui
QT_END_NAMESPACE
#endif // UI_WIDGET_H

 注意：

Ui_Widget类无父类，不是从QWidget继承而来，故该类不是一个窗口类