Shape 是一个几何图形的基类，它至少有求自身周长函数 Circumference()和求自身面积函数 Area()。从 Shape 类派生出 Circle 类、Ellipse 类、Triangl。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//2.Shape 是一个几何图形的基类，它至少有求自身周长函数 Circumference()和求自身面
//积函数 Area()。从 Shape 类派生出 Circle 类、Ellipse 类、Triangle 类和 Rectangle 类，分
//别继承基类 Shape 的 Circumference()和 Area()，并增加新的成员。编写主函数，定义各派
//生类对象，求多派生类对象的周长之和、面积之和。

#define P1 3.1415
#include<math.h>

class Shape
{
public:
	virtual double Circumference() = 0;//求自身周长
	virtual double Area() = 0;//求自身面积

};

class Circle :public Shape  //圆
{
public:
	Circle() { m_C = 0; }
	Circle(double r)
	{
		m_C = r;
	}

	double Circumference() { return 2 * P1 * m_C; }
	double Area() { return double(P1 * m_C * m_C); }

	double m_C;
};

class Ellipse :public Shape //椭圆
{
public:
	Ellipse(double a1, double b1)
	{
		a = a1;
		b = b1;
	}
	double Circumference()
	{
		return {2 * 3.14 * b + 4 * (a - b)};
	}
	double Area()
	{
		return double(P1 * a * b);
	}
	double a;
	double b;

};

class Triangle :public Shape //三角形
{
public:
	Triangle(double a1, double b1, double c1)
	{
		a = a1;
		b = b1;
		c = c1;
	}

	double Circumference()
	{
		return a + b + c;
	}

	double Area()
	{
		float p = (a + b + c) / 2;
		return (double)sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c));
	}


	double a;
	double b;
	double c;

};

class Rectangle :public Shape //矩形
{
public:
	Rectangle(double a1, double b1)
	{
		a = a1;
		b = b1;
	}

	double Circumference()
	{
		return 2 * (a + b);
	}

	double Area()
	{

		return double(a * b);
	}

	double a;
	double b;

};


void menu()
{
	cout << "--------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "--------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "----------        欢迎进入图形计算系统的界面   ---------" << endl;
	cout << "----------      1.Circle          2.Ellipse    ---------" << endl;
	cout << "----------      3.Triangle        4.Rectangle  ---------" << endl;
	cout << "----------      5.all             0.over       ---------" << endl;
	cout << "--------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "--------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "请输入您的选择： ";
}


void cal_circle()
{
	double num = 0;
	cout << "请输入您需要计算圆的半径：";
	cin >> num;
	Circle c(num);
	double Cir = c.Circumference();
	double Are = c.Area();
	cout << "Cir: " << Cir << endl;
	cout << "Are: " << Are << endl;
}

void cal_Ellipse()
{
	double num1, num2;
	cout << "请输入您需要计算椭圆的长半径: ";
	cin >> num1;
	cout << "请输入您需要计算椭圆的短半径： ";
	cin >> num2;
	Ellipse e(num1, num2);
	double Cir = e.Circumference();
	double Are = e.Area();
	cout << "Cir: " << Cir << endl;
	cout << "Are: " << Are << endl;

}

void cal_Triangle()
{
	double num1, num2, num3;
	cout << "请您依次输入需要计算三角形的三条边长：";
	cin >> num1 >> num2 >> num3;
	Triangle t(num1, num2, num3);
	double Cir = t.Circumference();
	double Are = t.Area();
	cout << "Cir: " << Cir << endl;
	cout << "Are: " << Are << endl;
}

void cal_Rectangle()
{
	double num1, num2;
	cout << "请输出您需要计算矩形的长短：";
	cin >> num1 >> num2;
	Rectangle r(num1, num2);
	double Cir = r.Circumference();
	double Are = r.Area();
	cout << "Cir: " << Cir << endl;
	cout << "Are: " << Are << endl;
}

void cal_all()
{
	cout << "请输入您需要计算的圆的半径、椭圆的长半轴、椭圆的短半轴、三角形的三个边、矩形的长和宽：" << endl;
	double r, a, b, x, y, z, m, n;
	cin >> r >> a >> b >> x >> y >> z >> m >> n;
	Circle circle(r);
	Ellipse ellipse(a, b);
	Triangle triangle(x, y, z);
	Rectangle rectangle(m, n);
	double Cir = circle.Circumference() + ellipse.Circumference() + triangle.Circumference() + rectangle.Circumference();
	double Are = circle.Circumference() + ellipse.Circumference() + triangle.Circumference() + rectangle.Circumference();
	cout << "Cir: " << Cir << endl;
	cout << "Are: " << Are << endl;
}

void text()
{
	int num;
	menu();
	cin >> num;
	do {
		switch(num)
		{
		case 1:cal_circle(); break;
		case 2:cal_Ellipse(); break;
		case 3:cal_Triangle(); break;
		case 4:cal_Rectangle(); break;
		case 5:cal_all(); break;
		default:cout << "输入错误，请重新选择！！" << endl;
		}
		menu();
		cin >> num;

	} while (num);
}
int main()
{
	text();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

虚基类的应用，掌握之后，网上搜索各个图形周长、面积的计算公式就可以将各个类写出来。

希望对各位有所帮助。