7.30定义一个公共基类Shape,实现运行时的多态性

定义一个公共基类Shape，它表示一个封闭平面几何图形。
然后，从Shape类派生出三角形类Triangle、矩形类Rectangle和圆类Circle，
在基类中定义纯虚函数show和area，分别用于显示图形信息和求相应图形的面积，
并在派生类中根据不同的图形实现相应的函数。要求实现运行时的多态性。
#include <cmath>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.1415926535;
class Shape
{ public:
virtual  void show( ) = 0;
virtual  double area( ) = 0;
 };
class Rectangle: public Shape
{public:
Rectangle( ){length = 0; width = 0; } 
Rectangle(double len, double wid){ length = len; width = wid; }
double area( ){return length*width;} 
void show( )
{ cout << "length = " << length << '\t' << "width = " << width << endl; } 
private:
double length, width; 
};
class Triangle: public Shape
{public:
Triangle( ){a = 0; b = 0; c = 0;}
Triangle(double x, double y, double z){a = x; b = y; c = z;}
double area( )
{  double s = (a+b+c)/2.0;
   return sqrt(s*(s - a)*(s - b)*(s - c));
}
void show( )
{cout << "a = " << a << '\t' << "b = " << b << '\t' << "c = " << c << endl;}
private:
double a, b, c; 
};
class Circle: public Shape
{public:
Circle( ){radius = 0; }
Circle(double r){radius = r;}
double area( ){return PI*radius*radius;} 
void show( ){cout << "radius =" << radius << endl;}
private:
double radius;
};
int main( )
{    Shape *s = NULL;
Circle c(10);
Rectangle r(6, 8);
Triangle t(3, 4, 5);
c. show( );
cout << "圆面积：" << c.area( ) << endl;
s = &r;
s -> show( );
cout << "矩形面积：" << s -> area( ) << endl;
s = &t;
s -> show( );
cout << "三角形面积：" << s -> area( ) << endl;
return 0;
}