上一篇[LangGraph教程]LangGraph02——使用工具增强聊天机器人中，我们为聊天机器人增加了调用外部工具的功能，但机器人现在还不能记得之前回答的上下文，这限制了其进行连贯的多轮对话的能力。
LangGraph 通过持久性检查点机制解决了这个问题。具体来说，如果在编译图时提供了一个 checkpointer，并在调用图时提供了一个 thread_id，LangGraph 会在每个步骤后自动保存当前状态。这样一来，当使用相同的 thread_id 再次调用图时，图会自动加载之前保存的状态，从而使聊天机器人能够从上次停止的地方继续对话。
这种检查点机制不仅支持多轮对话，还具备更强大的功能。例如，它可以用于错误恢复、人机协作工作流程、时间旅行交互等场景。
使用工具的机器人
代码如下，详细解释在[LangGraph教程]LangGraph02——使用工具增强聊天机器人
from typing import Annotated
from typing_extensions import TypedDict
from langgraph.graph.message import add_messages
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
# 1. 定义状态类
class State(TypedDict):
messages:Annotated[list, add_messages]
# 2. 构建图
graph_builder = StateGraph(State)
# 3.定义工具节点
from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
local_llm = ["deepseek-r1:8b","qwen2.5:latest"]
llm = ChatOpenAI(model=local_llm[1], temperature=0.0, api_key="ollama", base_url="http://localhost:11434/v1")
tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=2)
tools = [tool]
llm_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(tools)
def chatbot(state: State):
return {"messages": [llm_with_tools.invoke(state["messages"])]}
# 4. 把节点加入图
# 第一个参数是节点名称，第二个是要调用的函数
from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode
graph_builder.add_node("chatbot", chatbot)
tool_node = ToolNode(tools=[tool])
graph_builder.add_node("tools", tool_node)
# 5. 把边加入图
from langgraph.prebuilt import tools_condition
graph_builder.add_conditional_edges(
"chatbot",
tools_condition,
)
graph_builder.add_edge("tools", "chatbot")
graph_builder.set_entry_point("chatbot")
graph = graph_builder.compile()
graph.invoke({"messages":"今天武汉天气怎么样"})
from IPython.display import Image, display
display(Image(graph.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png()))
如何实现多轮对话
前面的步骤和之前的一样，这里不再赘述：
from typing import Annotated
from typing_extensions import TypedDict
from langgraph.graph.message import add_messages
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
# 1. 定义状态类
class State(TypedDict):
messages:Annotated[list, add_messages]
# 2. 构建图
graph_builder = StateGraph(State)
# 3.定义工具节点
from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
local_llm = ["deepseek-r1:8b","qwen2.5:latest"]
llm = ChatOpenAI(model=local_llm[1], temperature=0.0, api_key="ollama", base_url="http://localhost:11434/v1")
tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=2)
tools = [tool]
llm_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(tools)
def chatbot(state: State):
return {"messages": [llm_with_tools.invoke(state["messages"])]}
# 4. 把节点加入图
# 第一个参数是节点名称，第二个是要调用的函数
from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode
graph_builder.add_node("chatbot", chatbot)
tool_node = ToolNode(tools=[tool])
graph_builder.add_node("tools", tool_node)
# 5. 把边加入图
from langgraph.prebuilt import tools_condition
graph_builder.add_conditional_edges(
"chatbot",
tools_condition,
)
graph_builder.add_edge("tools", "chatbot")
graph_builder.set_entry_point("chatbot")
在编译图时提供 checkpointer：checkpointer 是一个用于保存和加载状态的对象。它可以是一个简单的文件系统实现，也可以是一个更复杂的数据库实现。这里将检查点存在内存中，用MemorySaver实现
from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
memory = MemorySaver()
graph = graph_builder.compile(checkpointer=memory)
在调用图时提供 thread_id：thread_id 是一个唯一标识符，用于区分不同的对话线程。通过使用相同的 thread_id，LangGraph 可以加载之前保存的状态，从而实现多轮对话。
这里配置了线程id为1
user_input = "Hi there! My name is Will."
config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
events = graph.stream(
{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]},
config,
stream_mode="values",
)
for event in events:
event["messages"][-1].pretty_print()
输出如下：
================================Human Message=================================
Hi there! My name is Will.
==================================Ai Message==================================
Hello Will! How can I assist you today?
在每个步骤后，LangGraph 会自动调用 checkpointer 保存当前状态。当再次使用相同的 thread_id 调用图时，LangGraph 会自动加载之前保存的状态。
现在我们再次询问之前提到过的名称，看模型是否记得：
user_input = "Remember my name?"
events = graph.stream(
{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]},
config,
stream_mode="values",
)
for event in events:
event["messages"][-1].pretty_print()
回答如下：
================================Human Message=================================
Remember my name?
==================================Ai Message==================================
Of course! You mentioned your name is Will. How can I help you today, Will?
从回答中可以看到模型正确回答了这个问题。
现在，让我们换个线程id，看看模型是否记得：
# The only difference is we change the `thread_id` here to "2" instead of "1"
events = graph.stream(
{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]},
{"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}},
stream_mode="values",
)
for event in events:
event["messages"][-1].pretty_print()
从输出中可以看到，模型回答的并不对，说明不同线程之间不共享上下文
================================Human Message=================================
Remember my name?
==================================Ai Message==================================
Of course! You can always refer to me as Qwen. How can I assist you today?
最后，可以用get_state函数查看当前的上下文
snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
snapshot
结果如下:
StateSnapshot(
values={
"messages": [
HumanMessage(
content="Hi there! My name is Will.",
additional_kwargs={},
response_metadata={},
id="bb8fc848-d778-4edb-86ed-af6c1b1b5cde",
),
HumanMessage(
content="Hi there! My name is Will.",
additional_kwargs={},
response_metadata={},
id="a38b9310-bab0-4838-b9ca-ef5656015012",
),
AIMessage(
content="Hello Will! How can I assist you today?",
additional_kwargs={"refusal": None},
response_metadata={
"token_usage": {
"completion_tokens": 11,
"prompt_tokens": 203,
"total_tokens": 214,
"completion_tokens_details": None,
"prompt_tokens_details": None,
},
"model_name": "qwen2.5:latest",
"system_fingerprint": "fp_ollama",
"id": "chatcmpl-423",
"finish_reason": "stop",
"logprobs": None,
},
id="run-67c235d5-76ad-4287-a1bd-bb2a4729206f-0",
usage_metadata={
"input_tokens": 203,
"output_tokens": 11,
"total_tokens": 214,
"input_token_details": {},
"output_token_details": {},
},
),
HumanMessage(
content="Remember my name?",
additional_kwargs={},
response_metadata={},
id="36e412ef-daa0-422e-b93c-25b9236985bc",
),
AIMessage(
content="Of course! You mentioned your name is Will. How can I help you today, Will?",
additional_kwargs={"refusal": None},
response_metadata={
"token_usage": {
"completion_tokens": 20,
"prompt_tokens": 227,
"total_tokens": 247,
"completion_tokens_details": None,
"prompt_tokens_details": None,
},
"model_name": "qwen2.5:latest",
"system_fingerprint": "fp_ollama",
"id": "chatcmpl-217",
"finish_reason": "stop",
"logprobs": None,
},
id="run-649f5f0c-c2d2-4cb0-951d-8c62a56e717a-0",
usage_metadata={
"input_tokens": 227,
"output_tokens": 20,
"total_tokens": 247,
"input_token_details": {},
"output_token_details": {},
},
),
]
},
next=(),
config={
"configurable": {
"thread_id": "1",
"checkpoint_ns": "",
"checkpoint_id": "1f020170-d033-62b8-8006-dbfcb29ec140",
}
},
metadata={
"source": "loop",
"writes": {
"chatbot": {
"messages": [
AIMessage(
content="Of course! You mentioned your name is Will. How can I help you today, Will?",
additional_kwargs={"refusal": None},
response_metadata={
"token_usage": {
"completion_tokens": 20,
"prompt_tokens": 227,
"total_tokens": 247,
"completion_tokens_details": None,
"prompt_tokens_details": None,
},
"model_name": "qwen2.5:latest",
"system_fingerprint": "fp_ollama",
"id": "chatcmpl-217",
"finish_reason": "stop",
"logprobs": None,
},
id="run-649f5f0c-c2d2-4cb0-951d-8c62a56e717a-0",
usage_metadata={
"input_tokens": 227,
"output_tokens": 20,
"total_tokens": 247,
"input_token_details": {},
"output_token_details": {},
},
)
]
}
},
"step": 6,
"parents": {},
"thread_id": "1",
},
created_at="2025-04-23T07:46:22.313541+00:00",
parent_config={
"configurable": {
"thread_id": "1",
"checkpoint_ns": "",
"checkpoint_id": "1f020170-b584-64d5-8005-f78ed589b2f8",
}
},
tasks=(),
)
完整代码
from typing import Annotated
from typing_extensions import TypedDict
from langgraph.graph.message import add_messages
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
# 1. 定义状态类
class State(TypedDict):
messages:Annotated[list, add_messages]
# 2. 构建图
graph_builder = StateGraph(State)
# 3.定义工具节点
from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
local_llm = ["deepseek-r1:8b","qwen2.5:latest"]
llm = ChatOpenAI(model=local_llm[1], temperature=0.0, api_key="ollama", base_url="http://localhost:11434/v1")
tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=2)
tools = [tool]
llm_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(tools)
def chatbot(state: State):
return {"messages": [llm_with_tools.invoke(state["messages"])]}
# 4. 把节点加入图
# 第一个参数是节点名称，第二个是要调用的函数
from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode
graph_builder.add_node("chatbot", chatbot)
tool_node = ToolNode(tools=[tool])
graph_builder.add_node("tools", tool_node)
# 5. 把边加入图
from langgraph.prebuilt import tools_condition
graph_builder.add_conditional_edges(
"chatbot",
tools_condition,
)
graph_builder.add_edge("tools", "chatbot")
graph_builder.set_entry_point("chatbot")
from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
memory = MemorySaver()
graph = graph_builder.compile(checkpointer=memory)
user_input = "Hi there! My name is Will."
config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
events = graph.stream(
{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]},
config,
stream_mode="values",
)
for event in events:
event["messages"][-1].pretty_print()
user_input = "Remember my name?"
events = graph.stream(
{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]},
config,
stream_mode="values",
)
for event in events:
event["messages"][-1].pretty_print()
# The only difference is we change the `thread_id` here to "2" instead of "1"
events = graph.stream(
{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]},
{"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}},
stream_mode="values",
)
for event in events:
event["messages"][-1].pretty_print()
snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
print(snapshot)
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