分类:
按子查询出现的位置:
select后面:
仅仅支持标量子查询
from后面:
支持表子查询
where或having后面*
标量子查询(单行)√
列子查询(多行)√
行子查询
exists后面(相关子查询)
表子查询
按结果集的行列数不同:
标量子查询(结果集只有一行一列)
列子查询(结果集只有一行多列)
行子查询(结果集有一行多列)
表子查询(结果集一般为多行多列)
[](()一、where或having后面
1.标量子查询(单行子查询)
2.列子查询(多行子查询)
3.行子查询(多行多列)
特点:
1.子查询放在小括号内
2.子查询一般放在条件的右侧
3.标量子查询,一般搭配着单行操作符(>,<,=等等)使用
列子查询,一般搭配这多行操作符(in,any/some,all)使用
4.子查询的执行优先于主查询执行,主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
*/
[](()1.标量子查询
#案例1、谁的工资比Abel高?
#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name
=‘Abel’;
#②查询员工的信息,满足salary>①结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name
=‘Abel’
);
#案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名,job_id和工资
SELECT last_name
,job_id
,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=(
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id
=141
)AND salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id
=143
);
#案例3:返回公司工资最少的员工的姓名,job_id
和salary
SELECT last_name
,job_id
,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
#案例4、查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
SELECTdepartment_id
,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
=50
);
[](()2.列子查询(多行子查询)
#案例1、返回location_id
是1400或1700的部门中的所有的员工的姓名
SELECT last_na **《一线大厂Java面试题解析+后端开发学习笔记+最新架构讲解视频+实战项目源码讲义》无偿开源 威信搜索公众号【编程进阶路】** me
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
IN(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id
IN (1400,1700)
);
#案例2、返回其他工种中比job_id
为‘IT_PROG’工种任意工资低的员工的:工号,姓名,job_id
以及salary
SELECT employee_id
,last_name
,job_id
,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id
=‘IT_PROG’
)
AND job_id
<>‘IT_PROG’;
#案例3、返回其他工种中比job_id
为‘IT_PROG’工种所有工资低的员工的:工号,姓名,job_id
以及salary
SELECT employee_id
,last_name
,job_id
,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id
=‘IT_PROG’
)
AND job_id
<>‘IT_PROG’;
或者
SELECT employee_id
,last_name
,job_id
,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (
SELECT MIN(salary
)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id
=‘IT_PROG’
)
AND job_id
<>‘IT_PROG’;
[](()3.行子查询
(结果集一行多列或多行多列)(使用此方法的时候是所有的信息都可以用一个判断符号表示,此方法也可用其他的子查询得到)
#案例、查询员工编号最小且工资最高的员工的信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id
,salary
)=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id
),MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
[](()二、放在SELECT的后面(仅仅支持标量子查询(也就是一行一列))
#案例、查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT d.*,(
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees
e
WHERE e.department_id
=d.department_id
)个数
FROM departments
d;
#案例、查询员工号=102的部门名
SELECT department_name
FROM departments
d,employees
e
WHERE d.department_id
=e.department_id
AND e.employee_id
=102;
[](()三、放在FROM的后面(意思就是把查询的结果当作表来进行使用(要求必须起别名))
#案例、查询每个部门的平均工资的等级
SELECT biao.*,j.grade_level
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
)biao
INNER JOIN job_grades
j
ON biao.ag BETWEEN j.lowest_sal
AND highest_sal
;
[](()四、EXISTS后面(相关子查询)