缘由
数学人教A必修一4.4.5 p114有一个这样的问题
用二分法求这个函数的零点
我决定运用python一试
收集资料
其他项都好办,就是ln难对付。
来自
ARTELE的代码
#include<iostream>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;
#define LN2 0.6931471805599453
double baselog2(double n)
{
n-=1;
double x = -1,result = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 30; i++)
result += ((x = x * n * -1) / i);
return result/LN2;
}
double mylog2(double n)
{
double result = 0;
if (n >= 0.5 && n <= 1)
result = baselog2(n);
else if (n >= 0.1 && n < 0.5)
{
while(n<=1)
{
n *= 2;
--result;
}
result += (baselog2(n/2) + 1);
}
else if (n >= 0 && n < 0.1)
{
while (n<0.1)
{
n *= 10;
result += (-0.32192809488736229 - 3);//这里预计算了log2(0.3)-3
}
result += (mylog2(n));
}
else if (n > 1)
{
while (1 <= n)
{
//bitnum*= 2;//实际就是每次除以2,让n小于1
n /= 2;
++result;
}
result += (mylog2(n));
}
return result;
}
int main()
{
double a,b;
double n =0.000000000000000000001999123;
cout << "极小数字测试:" <<n<< endl;
cout <<"log2: "<< (a=log2(n)) <<endl;
cout <<"mylog2: "<< (b=mylog2(n))<< endl;
cout << endl;
n = 1;
cout << "边界数字测试:" <<n<< endl;
cout << "log2: " << (a = log2(n)) << endl;
cout << "mylog2: " << (b = mylog2(n)) << endl;
cout << endl;
n = 0.5;
cout << "边界数字测试:" <<n<< endl;
cout << "log2: " << (a = log2(n)) << endl;
cout << "mylog2: " << (b = mylog2(n)) << endl;
cout << endl;
n = 0.1;
cout << "边界数字测试:" <<n<< endl;
cout << "log2: " << (a = log2(n)) << endl;
cout << "mylog2: " << (b = mylog2(n)) << endl;
cout << endl;
n = 81929876418.91234;
cout << "极大数字测试:" <<n<< endl;
cout << "log2: " << (a = log2(n)) << endl;
cout << "mylog2: " << (b = mylog2(n)) << endl;
cout << endl;
n = 0.567923472397498;
cout << "普通小数测试:" << n << endl;
cout << "log2: " << (a = log2(n)) << endl;
cout << "mylog2: " << (b = mylog2(n)) << endl;
cout << endl;
n = 0.112369128631286312873;
cout << "普通小数测试:" << n << endl;
cout << "log2: " << (a = log2(n)) << endl;
cout << "mylog2: " << (b = mylog2(n)) << endl;
return 0;
}
c++,看不懂,但大受震撼。
前面的人话,使用泰勒展开,再对某些计算量大的优化一下。处于高一学生的理解边缘。
但是,如果这样,就会受到浮点数的精度限制,不符合我对解数学题的预期
sympy
我压根没用二分法,更没用泰勒展开。因为,进一步查资料,我看到了sympy
抛弃定积分等看不懂的内容,讲一下有用的
如果你是纯小白,首先要装环境
pip install sympy
定义x是一个数学未知数
x=sy.symbols("x")
书写f(x)再把它解出来
fx=sy.ln(x)+2*x-6
r=sy.solve(fx,x)
这里的r其实是一个单元素的list,也对,好多方程不止一个解,包装成list理所应当。
至于如何显示出来······
我一开始用float试一下,但它不吃decimal。
float(r[0])
#2.5349191320239735
import decimal
decimal.Decimal(r[0])
"""
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[25], line 2
1 import decimal
----> 2 decimal.Decimal(r[0])
"""
但是,肯定有一个方便的入口来显示小数
就知道,这么简单的方法,n
r.n(100)
实现
import sympy as sy
x=sy.symbols("x")
fx=sy.ln(x)+2*x-6
r=sy.solve(fx,x)
r=r[0]#因为一个方程可能有多个解,所以这里返回的是list
print(str(r.n(100)))