文章目录
前言
博文介绍：JavaSE初学者利用类和对象、封装继承多态、抽象类和接口的知识完成了一个图书管理系统
软件：IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2022.3.3
正文
一、对象打包
说明
Java是面向对象的语言，所以利用Java做项目的第一步就是把对象抽象，用类表示出来。本文图书管理系统是用户、书、操作（对象）之间交互完成的，所以我们第一步是要创建相关的类，由于一些类具有相关性，故把相关的类放到一个包下，可以使代码更有条理
（一）user包
User类
管理员和普通用户具有相同的属性（如：名字等），可以写一个User类作为父类，在父和子这样的继承体系下、通过方法的重写，可以通过父类的引用调用重写的方法实现多态（如：管理员和普通用户可以打印内容不同的菜单、管理员和普通用户实现不同的构造方法等）。
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
public Operation[] operation;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
}
AdminUser类（管理员类-----继承于User类）
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User {
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
super.operation=new Operation[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new AddOperation(),new DelOperation(),new ShowOperation()};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("*********************");
System.out.println("菜 单");
System.out.println("1 查找图书");
System.out.println("2 新增图书");
System.out.println("3 删除图书");
System.out.println("4 显示图书");
System.out.println("0 退出系统");
System.out.println("*********************");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请选择对应功能");
int choice= scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("*********************");
return choice;
}
}
NormalUser类（普通用户类-----继承于User类）
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User {
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
super.operation=new Operation[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new BorrowedOperation(),new ReturnOperation()};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("*********************");
System.out.println("1 查找图书");
System.out.println("2 借阅图书");
System.out.println("3 归还图书");
System.out.println("0 退出系统");
System.out.println("*********************");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请选择对应功能");
int choice= scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("*********************");
return choice;
}
}
（二）book包
Book类（书）
一般类里的成员对象用Private修饰用来隐藏类的一些实现细节，成员方法用用Public修饰，Private修饰的成员变量只能在该类使用，所以要写一些方法能获得相关的成员变量
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private double price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrowed;
public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
public String bookIsBorrowed(){
return this.isBorrowed==false?"未借出":"已借出";
}
}
BookList类（书架）
package book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] book=new Book[10];
private int bookNum;
public BookList() {
book[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17.8,"小说");
book[1]=new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",17.8,"小说");
book[2]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",17.8,"小说");
this.bookNum=3;
}
public Book[] getBook() {
return book;
}
public void setBook(Book[] book) {
this.book = book;
}
public void setBook(int num,Book addBook) { //方法的重载
this.book[num]=addBook;
}
public int getBookNum() {
return bookNum;
}
public void setBookNum(int bookNum) {
this.bookNum = bookNum;
}
}
（三）operation包
实现操作需要一定规范，这就用到了接口，具体的操作贯彻接口
Operation接口
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface Operation {
public abstract void work(BookList bookList);
}
二、框架搭建
框架搭建肯定要写登录方法，登陆方法要选择用户身份并返回相应用户类，不同用户类由于方法重写会生成不同菜单（菜单的实现在用户类里），根据菜单返回一个int值，对应相应的操作，那么用户怎样根据返回值做对应的操作呢？这是一个很巧妙的问题！！！！！！
在User父类里定义一个存放操作的数组，利用方法重写在子类构造方法里里生成不同的操作组，就可以根据菜单提示返回的int值做数组下标访问不同的操作
import book.BookList;
import operation.Operation;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User login(){
System.out.println("请选择用户身份：0-管理员用户 1-普通用户");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
int num=scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入用户姓名：");
String name=scanner.next();
System.out.println("hello "+name+" 欢迎来到图书管理系统小练习");
if(num==0){
return new AdminUser(name);
}else{
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
public static void doOperationWork(Operation operation, BookList bookList){
operation.work(bookList);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user=login();
BookList booklist=new BookList();
while(true) {
int choice = user.menu();
doOperationWork(user.operation[choice],booklist);
}
}
}
三、功能实现
（一）增加图书
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bList) {
System.out.println("新增图书");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入新增图书的名字：");
String name= scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入新增图书的作者：");
String author= scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入新增图书的价格：");
double price= scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.println("请输入新增图书的类型：");
String type= scanner.next();
Book addBook=new Book(name,author,price,type);
int num=bList.getBookNum();
bList.setBook(num,addBook);
bList.setBookNum(num+1);
System.out.println("添加成功");
System.out.println("*********************");
}
}
（二）删除图书
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要删除的书名：");
String bookname=scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
int flag=-1;
for (; i < bookList.getBookNum(); i++) {
if(bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName())){
flag=i;
break;
}
}
if(i==bookList.getBookNum()){
System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
}else {
for (int j = i; j < bookList.getBookNum()-1; j++) {
Book book=bookList.getBook()[j+1];
bookList.getBook()[j]=book;
}
bookList.setBook(bookList.getBookNum()-1,null);
bookList.setBookNum(bookList.getBookNum()-1);
System.out.println("删除图书成功");
}
System.out.println("*********************");
}
}
（三）查找图书
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要查找的书名：");
String bookname=scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for (; i < bookList.getBookNum(); i++) {
if(bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName())){
System.out.println("找到了！");
System.out.print("{书名："+bookList.getBook()[i].getName());
System.out.print(",作者："+bookList.getBook()[i].getAuthor());
System.out.print(",价格："+bookList.getBook()[i].getPrice());
System.out.print(",类型："+bookList.getBook()[i].getType());
System.out.print(","+bookList.getBook()[i].bookIsBorrowed()+"}");
System.out.println();
break;
}
}
if(i==bookList.getBookNum()){
System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
}
System.out.println("*********************");
}
}
（四）显示图书
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要查找的书名：");
String bookname=scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for (; i < bookList.getBookNum(); i++) {
if(bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName())){
System.out.println("找到了！");
System.out.print("{书名："+bookList.getBook()[i].getName());
System.out.print(",作者："+bookList.getBook()[i].getAuthor());
System.out.print(",价格："+bookList.getBook()[i].getPrice());
System.out.print(",类型："+bookList.getBook()[i].getType());
System.out.print(","+bookList.getBook()[i].bookIsBorrowed()+"}");
System.out.println();
break;
}
}
if(i==bookList.getBookNum()){
System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
}
System.out.println("*********************");
}
}
（五）借阅图书
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowedOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要借阅的书名：");
String bookname=scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for (; i < bookList.getBookNum(); i++) {
if((bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName()))&&bookList.getBook()[i].isBorrowed()==false){
bookList.getBook()[i].setBorrowed(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功！");
break;
}else if((bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName()))&&bookList.getBook()[i].isBorrowed()==true){
System.out.println("已借出！");
break;
}
}
if(i==bookList.getBookNum()){
System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
}
System.out.println("*********************");
}
}
（六）归还图书
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要归还的书名：");
String bookname=scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for (; i < bookList.getBookNum(); i++) {
if((bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName()))&&bookList.getBook()[i].isBorrowed()==true){
bookList.getBook()[i].setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功！");
break;
}else if((bookname.equals(bookList.getBook()[i].getName()))&&bookList.getBook()[i].isBorrowed()==false){
System.out.println("已归还！");
break;
}
}
if(i==bookList.getBookNum()){
System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
}
System.out.println("*********************");
}
}
（七）退出系统
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements Operation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出登录");
System.exit(0);
}
}
总结
gitee网址：https://gitee.com/zy-small-watermelon/java.git
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