OpenHarmony实战开发——轻量型系统服务管理部件

简介

由于平台资源有限，且硬件平台多样，因此需要屏蔽不同硬件架构和平台资源的不同、以及运行形态的不同，提供统一化的系统服务开发框架。根据RISC-V、Cortex-M、Cortex-A不同硬件平台，分为两种硬件平台，以下简称M核、A核。

• M核：处理器架构为Cortex-M或同等处理能力的硬件平台，系统内存一般低于512KB，无文件系统或者仅提供一个可有限使用的轻量级文件系统，遵循CMSIS接口规范。
• A核：处理器架构为Cortex-A或同等处理能力的硬件平台，内存资源大于512KB，文件系统完善，可存储大量数据，遵循POSIX接口规范。

系统服务框架基于面向服务的架构，提供了服务开发、服务的子功能开发、对外接口的开发、以及多服务共进程、进程间服务调用等开发能力。其中：

• M核：包含服务开发、服务的子功能开发、对外接口的开发以及多服务共进程的开发框架。
• A核：在M核能力基础之上，包含了进程间服务调用、进程间服务调用权限控制、进程间服务接口的开发等能力。

系统架构

图 1 面向服务的架构

• Provider：服务的提供者，为系统提供能力（对外接口）。
• Consumer：服务的消费者，调用服务提供的功能（对外接口）。
• Samgr：作为中介者，管理Provider提供的能力，同时帮助Consumer发现Provider的能力。

图 2 系统服务开发框架主体对象：

• SamgrLite：主要提供服务的注册与发现能力。
• Service：开发服务时，需要实现的服务的生命周期接口。
• Feature：开发功能时，需要实现的功能的生命周期接口。
• IUnknown：基于IUnknown开发服务或功能的对外接口。
• IClientProxy：IPC调用时，消费者的消息发送代理。
• IServerProxy：IPC调用时，开发者需要实现提供者的消息处理接口。

目录

表 1 系统服务框架源代码目录结构

名称	描述
interfaces/kits/samgr_lite/samgr	M核和A核系统服务框架对外接口定义。
interfaces/kits/samgr_lite/registry	A核进程间服务调用的对外接口定义。
interfaces/kits/samgr_lite/communication/broadcast	M核和A核进程内事件广播服务的对外接口定义。
services/samgr_lite/samgr/adapter	POSIX和CMSIS接口适配层来屏蔽A核M核接口差异。
services/samgr_lite/samgr/registry	M核服务注册发现的桩函数。
services/samgr_lite/samgr/source	M核和A核系统服务开发框架基础代码。
services/samgr_lite/samgr_client	A核进程间服务调用的注册与发现。
services/samgr_lite/samgr_server	A核进程间服务调用的IPC地址管理和访问控制。
services/samgr_lite/samgr_endpoint	A核IPC通信消息收发包管理。
services/samgr_lite/communication/broadcast	M核和A核进程内事件广播服务。

约束

• 系统服务开发框架统一使用C开发。
• 同进程内服务间调用统一使用IUnknown接口对外象，消息接口统一由IUnknown接口传递给本服务。
• 服务名和功能名必需使用常量字符串且长度小于16个字节。
• M核：系统依赖上bootstrap服务，在系统启动函数中调用OHOS_SystemInit()函数。
• A核：系统依赖samgr库，在main函数中调用SAMGR_Bootstrap()函数。

开发服务

• 继承并重新定义服务：

typedef struct ExampleService {
    INHERIT_SERVICE;
    INHERIT_IUNKNOWNENTRY(DefaultFeatureApi);
    Identity identity;
} ExampleService;

• 实现服务的生命周期函数：

static const char *GetName(Service *service)
{
    return EXAMPLE_SERVICE;
}

static BOOL Initialize(Service *service, Identity identity)
{
    ExampleService *example = (ExampleService *)service;
    // 保存服务的唯一身份标识，用来自己的IUnknown接口对服务发消息时使用。
    example->identity = identity;
    return TRUE;
}
static BOOL MessageHandle(Service *service, Request *msg)
{
    ExampleService *example = (ExampleService *)service;
    switch (msg->msgId) {
        case MSG_SYNC:
            // 业务处理
            break;
        default:break;
    }
    return FALSE;
}
static TaskConfig GetTaskConfig(Service *service)
{
    TaskConfig config = {LEVEL_HIGH, PRI_BELOW_NORMAL,
                         0x800, 20, SHARED_TASK};
    return config;
}

• 创建服务对象：

static ExampleService g_example = {
    .GetName = GetName,
    .Initialize = Initialize,
    .MessageHandle = MessageHandle,
    .GetTaskConfig = GetTaskConfig,
    SERVER_IPROXY_IMPL_BEGIN,
        .Invoke = NULL,
        .SyncCall = SyncCall,
    IPROXY_END,
};

• 向SAMGR注册服务及接口：

static void Init(void)
{
    SAMGR_GetInstance()->RegisterService((Service *)&g_example);
    SAMGR_GetInstance()->RegisterDefaultFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, GET_IUNKNOWN(g_example));
}

• 定义服务的初始化入口：

SYSEX_SERVICE_INIT(Init);

开发服务的子功能

• 继承并重新定义功能：

typedef struct DemoFeature {
    INHERIT_FEATURE;
    INHERIT_IUNKNOWNENTRY(DemoApi);
    Identity identity;
    Service *parent;
} DemoFeature;

• 实现功能的生命周期函数：

static const char *FEATURE_GetName(Feature *feature)
{
    return EXAMPLE_FEATURE;
}

static void FEATURE_OnInitialize(Feature *feature, Service *parent, Identity identity)
{
    DemoFeature *demoFeature = (DemoFeature *)feature;
    demoFeature->identity = identity;
    demoFeature->parent = parent;
}

static void FEATURE_OnStop(Feature *feature, Identity identity)
{
    g_example.identity.queueId = NULL;
    g_example.identity.featureId = -1;
    g_example.identity.serviceId = -1;
}

static BOOL FEATURE_OnMessage(Feature *feature, Request *request)
{
    if (request->msgId == MSG_PROC) {
        Response response = {.data = "Yes, you did!", .len = 0};
        SAMGR_SendResponse(request, &response);
        return TRUE;
    } else {
        if (request->msgId == MSG_TIME_PROC) {
            LOS_Msleep(WAIT_FEATURE_PROC * 10);
            if (request->msgValue) {
                SAMGR_PrintServices();
            } else {
                SAMGR_PrintOperations();
            }
            AsyncTimeCall(GET_IUNKNOWN(g_example));
            return FALSE;
        }
    }
    return FALSE;
}

• 创建功能对象：

static DemoFeature g_example = {
   .GetName = FEATURE_GetName,
   .OnInitialize = FEATURE_OnInitialize,
   .OnStop = FEATURE_OnStop,
   .OnMessage = FEATURE_OnMessage,
   DEFAULT_IUNKNOWN_ENTRY_BEGIN,
       .AsyncCall = AsyncCall,
       .AsyncTimeCall = AsyncTimeCall,
       .SyncCall = SyncCall,
       .AsyncCallBack = AsyncCallBack,
   DEFAULT_IUNKNOWN_ENTRY_END,
   .identity = {-1, -1, NULL},
};

• 向SAMGR注册功能及接口：

static void Init(void){
    SAMGR_GetInstance()->RegisterFeature(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, (Feature *)&g_example);
    SAMGR_GetInstance()->RegisterFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE, GET_IUNKNOWN(g_example));
}

• 定义功能的初始化入口：

SYSEX_FEATURE_INIT(Init);

开发进程内对外接口

• 定义IUnknown接口：

typedef struct DemoApi {
    INHERIT_IUNKNOWN;
    BOOL (*AsyncCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff);
    BOOL (*AsyncTimeCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown);
    BOOL (*SyncCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown, struct Payload *payload);
    BOOL (*AsyncCallBack)(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff, Handler handler);
} DemoApi;

• 定义IUnknown的引用对象：

typedef struct DemoRefApi {
    INHERIT_IUNKNOWNENTRY(DemoApi);
} DemoRefApi;

• 初始化接口对象：

static DemoRefApi api = {
    DEFAULT_IUNKNOWN_ENTRY_BEGIN,
        .AsyncCall = AsyncCall,
        .AsyncTimeCall = AsyncTimeCall,
        .SyncCall = SyncCall,
        .AsyncCallBack = AsyncCallBack,
    DEFAULT_IUNKNOWN_ENTRY_END,
};

• 注册服务接口：

SAMGR_GetInstance()->RegisterFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE, GET_IUNKNOWN(api));

调用进程内服务

• 获取服务的对外接口：

DemoApi *demoApi = NULL;
IUnknown *iUnknown = SAMGR_GetInstance()->GetFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE);
if (iUnknown == NULL) {
    return NULL;
}
int result = iUnknown->QueryInterface(iUnknown, DEFAULT_VERSION, (void **)&demoApi);
if (result != 0 || demoApi == NULL) {
    return NULL;
}

• 接口调用：

if (demoApi->AsyncCallBack == NULL) {
    return NULL;
}
demoApi->AsyncCallBack((IUnknown *)demoApi, "I wanna async call callback good result!", AsyncHandler);

• 释放接口：

int32 ref = demoApi->Release((IUnknown *)demoApi);

开发跨进程间对外接口

• 继承IServerProxy替代继承IUnknown：INHERIT_SERVER_IPROXY

typedef struct DemoFeatureApi {
    INHERIT_SERVER_IPROXY;
    BOOL (*AsyncCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff);
    BOOL (*AsyncTimeCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown);
    BOOL (*SyncCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown, struct Payload *payload);
    BOOL (*AsyncCallBack)(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff, IOwner notify, INotifyFunc handler);
} DemoFeatureApi;

• 初始化IServerProxy对象：

static DemoFeature g_example = {
    SERVER_IPROXY_IMPL_BEGIN,
    .Invoke = Invoke,
    .AsyncCall = AsyncCall,
    .AsyncTimeCall = AsyncTimeCall,
    .SyncCall = SyncCall,
    .AsyncCallBack = AsyncCallBack,
    IPROXY_END,
};

• 实现Invoke函数来处理Ipc消息：

static int32 Invoke(IServerProxy *iProxy, int funcId, void *origin, IpcIo *req, IpcIo *reply)
{
    DemoFeatureApi *api = (DemoFeatureApi *)iProxy;
    BOOL ret;
    size_t len = 0;
    switch (funcId) {
        case ID_ASYNCALL:
            ret = api->AsyncCall((IUnknown *)iProxy, (char *)IpcIoPopString(req, &len));
            IpcIoPushBool(reply, ret);
            break;
        case ID_ASYNTIMECALL:
            ret = api->AsyncTimeCall((IUnknown *)iProxy);
            IpcIoPushBool(reply, ret);
            break;
        case ID_SYNCCALL: {
            struct Payload payload;
            payload.id = IpcIoPopInt32(req);
            payload.value = IpcIoPopInt32(req);
            payload.name = (char *)IpcIoPopString(req, &len);
            ret = api->SyncCall((IUnknown *)iProxy, &payload);
            IpcIoPushString(reply, ret ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
        }
            break;
        case ID_ASYNCCALLBACK: { // convert to sync proxy
            IpcIoPushString(reply, "Yes, you did!");
            IpcIoPushBool(reply, TRUE);
        }
            break;
        default:
            IpcIoPushBool(reply, FALSE);
            break;
    }
    return EC_SUCCESS;
}

• 注册接口：与进程内接口注册一致

SAMGR_GetInstance()->RegisterFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE, GET_IUNKNOWN(g_example));

调用跨进程间服务

• 获取跨进程服务的对外接口：

IClientProxy *demoApi = NULL;
IUnknown *iUnknown = SAMGR_GetInstance()->GetFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE);
if (iUnknown == NULL) {
    return NULL;
}
int result = iUnknown->QueryInterface(iUnknown, CLIENT_PROXY_VER, (void **)&demoApi);
if (result != 0 || demoApi == NULL) {
    return NULL;
}

• 调用Ipc消息接口：

IpcIo request;char data[250];
IpcIoInit(&request, data, sizeof(data), 0);
demoApi->Invoke(demoApi, 0, &request, NULL, NULL);

• 释放接口：

int32 ref = demoApi->Release((IUnknown *)demoApi);

开发跨进程间服务调用客户端代理

• 定义IPC接口客户端代理：

typedef struct DemoClientProxy {
    INHERIT_CLIENT_IPROXY;
    BOOL (*AsyncCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff);
    BOOL (*AsyncTimeCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown);
    BOOL (*SyncCall)(IUnknown *iUnknown, struct Payload *payload);
    BOOL (*AsyncCallBack)(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff, IOwner notify, INotifyFunc handler);
} DemoClientProxy;
typedef struct DemoClientEntry {
    INHERIT_IUNKNOWNENTRY(DemoClientProxy);
} DemoClientEntry;

• 实现客户端代理封装Ipc消息接口：

static BOOL AsyncCall(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff)
{
    DemoClientProxy *proxy = (DemoClientProxy *)iUnknown;
    IpcIo request;
    char data[MAX_DATA_LEN];
    IpcIoInit(&request, data, MAX_DATA_LEN, 0);
    IpcIoPushString(&request, buff);
    int ret = proxy->Invoke((IClientProxy *)proxy, ID_ASYNCALL, &request, NULL, NULL);
    return ret == EC_SUCCESS;
}

static BOOL AsyncTimeCall(IUnknown *iUnknown)
{
    DemoClientProxy *proxy = (DemoClientProxy *)iUnknown;
    IpcIo request;
    char data[MAX_DATA_LEN];
    IpcIoInit(&request, data, MAX_DATA_LEN, 0);
    int ret = proxy->Invoke((IClientProxy *)proxy, ID_ASYNTIMECALL, &request, NULL, NULL);
    return ret == EC_SUCCESS;
}

static int Callback(IOwner owner, int code, IpcIo *reply)
{
    size_t len = 0;
    return strcpy_s(owner, MAX_DATA_LEN, (char *)IpcIoPopString(reply, &len));
}

static BOOL SyncCall(IUnknown *iUnknown, struct Payload *payload)
{
    DemoClientProxy *proxy = (DemoClientProxy *)iUnknown;
    IpcIo request;
    char data[MAX_DATA_LEN];
    IpcIoInit(&request, data, MAX_DATA_LEN, 0);
    IpcIoPushInt32(&request, payload->id);
    IpcIoPushInt32(&request, payload->value);
    IpcIoPushString(&request, payload->name);
    int ret = proxy->Invoke((IClientProxy *)proxy, ID_SYNCCALL, &request, data, Callback);
    data[MAX_DATA_LEN - 1] = 0;
    HILOG_INFO(HILOG_MODULE_APP, "[TID:0x%lx]Remote response is %s!", pthread_self(), data);
    return ret == EC_SUCCESS;
}

struct CurrentNotify {
    IOwner notify;
    INotifyFunc handler;
};

static int CurrentCallback(IOwner owner, int code, IpcIo *reply)
{
    struct CurrentNotify *notify = (struct CurrentNotify *)owner;
    size_t len = 0;
    char *response = (char *)IpcIoPopString(reply, &len);
    HILOG_INFO(HILOG_MODULE_APP, "[TID:0x%lx]Notify Remote response is %s!", pthread_self(), response);
    notify->handler(notify->notify, response);
    return EC_SUCCESS;
}

static BOOL AsyncCallBack(IUnknown *iUnknown, const char *buff, IOwner notify, INotifyFunc handler)
{
    struct CurrentNotify owner = {notify, handler};
    DemoClientProxy *proxy = (DemoClientProxy *)iUnknown;
    IpcIo request;
    char data[MAX_DATA_LEN];
    IpcIoInit(&request, data, MAX_DATA_LEN, 0);
    IpcIoPushString(&request, buff);
    int ret = proxy->Invoke((IClientProxy *)proxy, ID_ASYNCCALLBACK, &request, &owner, CurrentCallback);
    return ret == EC_SUCCESS;
}

• 实现客户端代理的工厂方法：

void *DEMO_CreatClient(const char *service, const char *feature, uint32 size)
{
    (void)service;
    (void)feature;
    uint32 len = size + sizeof(DemoClientEntry);
    uint8 *client = malloc(len);
    (void)memset_s(client, len, 0, len);
    DemoClientEntry *entry = (DemoClientEntry *)&client[size];
    entry->ver = ((uint16)CLIENT_PROXY_VER | (uint16)DEFAULT_VERSION);
    entry->ref = 1;
    entry->iUnknown.QueryInterface = IUNKNOWN_QueryInterface;
    entry->iUnknown.AddRef = IUNKNOWN_AddRef;
    entry->iUnknown.Release = IUNKNOWN_Release;
    entry->iUnknown.Invoke = NULL;
    entry->iUnknown.AsyncCall = AsyncCall;
    entry->iUnknown.AsyncTimeCall = AsyncTimeCall;
    entry->iUnknown.SyncCall = SyncCall;
    entry->iUnknown.AsyncCallBack = AsyncCallBack;
    return client;
}
void DEMO_DestroyClient(const char *service, const char *feature, void *iproxy)
{
    free(iproxy);
}

• 将客户端代理的工厂方法注册到SAMGR：

SAMGR_RegisterFactory(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE, DEMO_CreatClient, DEMO_DestroyClient);

• 获取跨进程服务的对外接口：

DemoClientProxy *demoApi = NULL;
IUnknown *iUnknown = SAMGR_GetInstance()->GetFeatureApi(EXAMPLE_SERVICE, EXAMPLE_FEATURE);
if (iUnknown == NULL) {
   return NULL;
}
int result = iUnknown->QueryInterface(iUnknown, DEFAULT_VERSION, (void **)&demoApi);
if (result != 0 || demoApi == NULL) {
   return NULL;
}

• 调用跨进程服务的客户端代理接口：

if (demoApi->AsyncCallBack == NULL) {
    return NULL;
}
demoApi->AsyncCallBack((IUnknown *)demoApi,
                       "I wanna async call callback good result!", NULL, AsyncHandler);

• 释放接口：

int32 ref = demoApi->Release((IUnknown *)demoApi);

写在最后

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