反射...

一、反射的定义

 二、获取Class对象三种方式

全类名：包名+类名。

public class test {
    public static void main(String [] args) throws ClassNotFoundException  {
    	//第一种方式
        Class class1=Class.forName("test02.Student");
        //第二种方法
        Class class2=Student.class;
        //第三种方法
        Student student=new Student();
        Class class3=student.getClass();
        System.out.println(class1==class2);
        System.out.println(class2==class3);
        System.out.println(class1);
    	
	 }
}

三、利用反射获取构造方法

public class test {
    public static void main(String [] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException  {
    	//获取class字节码对象文件
        Class class1=Class.forName("test02.Student");
      //获取所有构造方法
      Constructor[] css=class1.getDeclaredConstructors();
      for(Constructor c:css) {
    	  System.out.println(c);
      }
      System.out.println("-------------");
      //获取单个构造方法
      Constructor con1= class1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
      System.out.println(con1);
    	
	 }
}

public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
	
}
public Student(String name) {
	this.setName(name);
}
protected Student(String name,int age) {
	this.setName(name);
	this.setAge(age);
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}

}

 四、利用反射获取成员变量

public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
	
}
public Student(String name,int age) {
	this.setName(name);
	this.setAge(age);
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}

}

public class test {
    public static void main(String [] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
    	//获取class字节码对象文件
        Class class1=Class.forName("test02.Student");
        //获取所有成员变量
       Field[] fi= class1.getDeclaredFields();
       for(Field f:fi) {
    	   System.out.println(f);
       }
       System.out.println("--------------");
       //获取单个成员变量
       Field fii= class1.getDeclaredField("name");
       System.out.println(fii);
    	
       Student s=new Student("zhangsan",23);
       fii.setAccessible(true);
       Object r= fii.get(s);
      System.out.println(r);
    	
	 }
}

五、利用反射获取成员方法

public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
	
}
public Student(String name,int age) {
	this.setName(name);
	this.setAge(age);
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}
public void eat(String something) {
	System.out.println("在吃"+something);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}

}

public class test {
    public static void main(String [] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
    	//获取class字节码对象文件
        Class class1=Class.forName("test02.Student");
        //获取指定的成员方法
      Method method= class1.getDeclaredMethod("eat", String.class);
      System.out.println(method);
      //创建对象
      Student s=new Student();
      method.invoke(s, "汉堡");
	 }
}

六、综合练习

练习1：信息保存

对于任意一个对象，都可以把对象所有的字段名和值，保存到文件中去。

分析：可以利用反射，将成员变量获取出来，再利用IO流将获取出来的变量，写入文件中。

Student类：

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private String gender;
	private double height;
	private String hobby;
	public Student() {
		
	}
	public Student(String name,int age,String gender,double height,String hobby) {
		this.setName(name);
		this.setAge(age);
		this.setGender(gender);
		this.setHeight(height);
		this.setHobby(hobby);
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public double getHeight() {
		return height;
	}
	public void setHeight(double height) {
		this.height = height;
	}
	public String getHobby() {
		return hobby;
	}
	public void setHobby(String hobby) {
		this.hobby = hobby;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", gender=" + gender + ", height=" + height + ", hobby="
				+ hobby + "]";
	}

}

Teacher类：

public class Teacher {
private String name;
private int salary;
public Teacher() {
	
}
public Teacher(String name,int salary) {
	this.setName(name);
	this.setSalary(salary);
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getSalary() {
	return salary;
}
public void setSalary(int salary) {
	this.salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Teacher [name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}

测试类：

package test02;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class test {
    public static void main(String [] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, IOException{
    	Student s=new Student("李明",23,"女",92.5,"画画");
    	Teacher t=new Teacher("王老师",8500);
    	Get(s);
	 }
    //创建一个方法获取成员变量
    public static void Get(Object obj) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, IOException {//Object是获取对象
    	//获取字节码文件
         Class cla=obj.getClass();
         //创建IO流
         BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("c.txt"));
         //获取每个成员变量
         Field[] fields=cla.getDeclaredFields();
       //利用循环获取成员变量
         for(Field field:fields) {
        	 field.setAccessible(true);
        	String name=field.getName();
            Object vaule= field.get(obj);
            bw.write(name+"="+vaule);
            bw.newLine();
         }
         bw.close();
       
    }
}