Rabbit MQ入门及实战

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已于 2023-10-25 18:34:34 修改

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分类专栏： rabbit Mq 文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2023-10-25 18:33:31 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_71894372/article/details/134040980

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Rabbit MQ:

1.同步通信和异步通信：

大多数时间使用同步，时效性较强。

mq,消息队列，是用来存放消息的队列，就是事件驱动架构中的broker.

2.基于docker安装rabbit MQ:

2.1、docker pull rabbitmq:3-management

2.2、运行mq容器：

docker run -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=lihong -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 --name mq --hostname mq1 -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 -d rabbitmq:3-management

注：15672是管理平台端口，5672是消息通信的端口

3.rabbit MQ的常见消息模型：

rabbit mq发送和接收消息：

消息的发送者将消息发送完毕后就关闭了通道，而接收者一直等待消息的接收

4.spring AMQP:

导入amqp的依赖，配置amqp的地址等相关信息。

4.1、基本消息队列(BasicQueue)

4.1.1、使用spring amqp向消息队列发送消息

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class SpringAmqpTest {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage(){
        String queenName="simple.queue";
        String message="你好，sping amqp";
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queenName,message);
    }
}

4.1.2、使用spring amqp接收消息

@Component
public class ListenerMessageSpringAmqp {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenerMessage(String msg){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息为："+msg);
    }
}

随时发送随时接收。

4.2、工作消息队列workQueue：实现多个消费者处理请求

消费者根据处理能力处理对应数量的消息:

案例：

消息发送者publisher

public void testSendMessage() throws InterruptedException {
    String queenName="simple.queue";
    String message="hello__";
    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queenName,message+i);
        Thread.sleep(20);
    }
}

消息接收者：

@Component
public class ListenerMessageSpringAmqp {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenerMessage1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到的消息为："+msg+"  "+LocalDateTime.now());
        Thread.sleep(20);
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenerMessage2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.err.println("消费者2接收到的消息为："+msg+"  "+LocalDateTime.now());
        Thread.sleep(200);
    }
}

logging:
  pattern:
    dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.157.129 # rabbitMQ的ip地址
    port: 5672 # 端口
    username: lihong
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1

4.3、FaboutQueue:实现多个消费者都可以接收到消息

4.3.1、在consumer服务中创建配置类，声明Exchange、queue、Binding

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
    //声明路由
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
        return new FanoutExchange("lihong.fanout");
    }
    //声明队列
    @Bean
    public Queue queue1(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
    }
    //绑定队列
    @Bean
    public Binding binding1(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange,Queue queue1){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(fanoutExchange);
    }
    //声明队列
    @Bean
    public Queue queue2(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
    }
    //绑定队列
    @Bean
    public Binding binding2(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange,Queue queue2){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(fanoutExchange);
    }
}

4.3.2、publisher发送消息

@Test
public void testSendMessage3(){
    String exchangeName="lihong.fanout";
    String message="hello fanout queue";
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"",message);
}

4.3.3、消息接收者接收消息

@Component
public class FanoutQueueTest {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
    public void listenerMessage1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到的消息为："+msg);        
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
    public void listenerMessage2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.err.println("消费者2接收到的消息为："+msg);
    }

}

4.4、DirectQueue:（发送消息到指定队列）

4.4.1、消费者接收消息（通过@RabbitListener声明exchange，queue，key）

@Component
public class DirectQueueTest {
    @RabbitListener(bindings =@QueueBinding
            (exchange = @Exchange("lihong.direct"),
            value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
            key = {"red","yellow"}))
    public void listenerMessage1(String msg){
        System.out.println("direct.queue1："+msg);
    }
    @RabbitListener(bindings =@QueueBinding
            (exchange = @Exchange("lihong.direct"),
                    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"),
                    key = {"red","blue"}))
    public void listenerMessage2(String msg){
        System.out.println("direct.queue1："+msg);
    }
}

4.4.2、publisher发送消息

/**
 * directQueue发送消息
 */
@Test
public void testSendMessage4(){
    String exchangeName="lihong.direct";
    String message="hello ";
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"red",message+"blue");
}

4.5、TopicQueue:（支持通配符，当需要向多个key中发送消息时，direct需要定义许多的路由key）

4.5.1、消息监听，接收消息

@Component
public class TopicQueueTest {
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value =@Queue("topic.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(value = "lihong.topic",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = {"today.#"}))
    public void listenerMessage1(String msg){
        System.out.println("topic.queue1："+msg);
    }
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value =@Queue("topic.queue2"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "lihong.topic",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = {"#.xinqing"}))
    public void listenerMessage2(String msg){
        System.out.println("topic.queue2："+msg);
    }
}

4.5.2、发送消息

/**
 * topicQueue发送消息
 */
@Test
public void testSendMessage5(){
    String exchangeName="lihong.topic";
    String message="今天很糟糕";
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"today.weather",message);
}

4.6、使用消息转换器接收和发送任意类型的消息

声明队列有两种方式：1.通过bean声明，2.通过@rablitListener声明

4.6.1、在父工程的pom文件中引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>

4.6.2、在consumer和publisher的引导类中声明消息转换器。

@Bean
public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
    return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}

4.6.3、发送object消息

/**
 * 发送object类型的数据
 */
@Test
public void testSendMessage6(){
    Map<String ,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
    map.put("name","张三");
    map.put("age",45);
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("object.queue",map);
}

4.6.4、接收object类型的消息

@Component
public class ObjectMessageListener {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "object.queue")
    public void getMessage(Map<String, Object> map){
        System.out.println("object.queue:"+map);
    }
}