考研机械工程领域智能机器人前沿技术-英文版

Abstract

Advancements in intelligent robotics have become a focal point of research in mechanical engineering, particularly in the context of graduate studies for mechanical majors. This paper delves into the cutting-edge technologies driving the evolution of intelligent robots, highlighting key areas of innovation. One significant trend is the integration of embodied intelligence and vertical large models, which enable robots to perceive, interact, and act autonomously in real-time, adapting to their environments. This combination, augmented by multi-modal data analysis of text, images, and audio, fosters the creation of more powerful and intelligent robotic systems, especially in human-robot interaction scenarios such as chatting, companionship, assistance, and education.

The development of bionic robots, inspired by biological principles and structures, marks another frontier. These robots, including quadrupeds, humanoids, underwater vehicles, and flapping-wing aerial vehicles, leverage advancements in high-performance joint actuators, motion algorithms, machine vision, and dexterous manipulation. Their potential applications span special services, industrial production, commercial services, and household chores, addressing a wide range of needs.

Moreover, the fusion of three-dimensional perception models and multi-modal information enhances robots' understanding of environmental features by integrating diverse sensor data, including images, point clouds, and sounds. This technology overcomes the limitations of single sensors, providing comprehensive and robust information crucial for navigation, human-robot interaction, environmental monitoring, and autonomous driving.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and cyborg integration represent groundbreaking advancements, connecting human brains directly with external devices for information exchange. In medical rehabilitation, exoskeletons and robotic systems assist patients in recovering motor functions, improving their quality of life. Micro-nano robots, with their minute size, precision, targeting capabilities, and low invasiveness, hold promise in biomedical applications, tissue engineering, and microelectronics.

In the realm of commercial services, outdoor robots are increasingly used for unmanned delivery, autonomous buses and taxis, road cleaning, and inspection, while indoor robots excel in navigation services, cleaning, food delivery, vending, and unmanned restaurants. The maturation of autonomous navigation technology and decreasing costs of components like lidar and servo motors have fueled this growth.

Additionally, robot operating systems (ROS) facilitate standardization and modularization, enabling digital twins of physical and digital spaces and promoting large-scale robot applications. Swarm robotics, where multiple robots collaborate within a team, exemplifies collective intelligence, finding applications in military, transportation, inspection, and unmanned aerial vehicles.

In conclusion, the frontier technologies shaping intelligent robots in mechanical engineering encompass embodied intelligence, bionic design, multi-modal fusion, BCIs, micro-nano robotics, commercial service robots, and swarm intelligence. These innovations not only expand robots' capabilities but also pave the way for transformative impacts on industries, societies, and daily lives.

【结语】

下一期我们会有机械工程领域智能机器人前沿技术-中文版翻译，我们下期再见啦！