数据结构之单链表(C语言)

1. 链表的概念及结构

概念:链表是一种物理存储结构上非连续、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表中的指针链接次序实现的 。
在这里插入图片描述

  1. 无头单向非循环链表:结构简单,一般不会单独用来存数据。实际中更多是作为其他数据结构的子结构,如哈希桶、图的邻接表等等。另外这种结构在笔试面试中出现很多
  2. 带头双向循环链表:结构最复杂,一般用在单独存储数据。实际中使用的链表数据结构,都是带头双向循环链表。另外这个结构虽然结构复杂,但是使用代码实现以后会发现结构会带来很多优势,实现反而简单了,下一章我们代码实现了就知道了。

2单链表的实现

2.1新节点的创建

SLTNode* BuySTLNode(x)
{
	SLTNode* newnode = (SLTNode*)malloc(sizeof(SLTNode));
	if (newnode == NULL)
	{
		perror("SLTpushback::malloc");
		return NULL;
	}
	newnode->date = x;
	newnode->next = NULL;
	return newnode;
}

2.2单链表尾插

void SLTPushBack(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pphead);
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	//找尾
	if (*pphead == NULL)
	{
		*pphead = newnode;
	}
	else
	{
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		while (tail->next != NULL)
		{
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		tail->next = newnode;
	}
}

2.3单链表尾删

void SLTPopback(SLTNode** pphead)
{
	assert(pphead);
	//链表为空
	assert(*pphead);
	//1.只有一个节点
	if ((*pphead)->next == NULL)
	{
		free(*pphead);
		*pphead = NULL;
	}
	//2.多个节点
	else
	{
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		SLTNode* prev = NULL;
		while (tail->next != NULL)
		{
			prev = tail;
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		free(tail);
		tail = NULL;
		prev->next = NULL;
	}
}

2.4单链表头插

void SLTPushFront(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pphead);
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	newnode->next = *pphead;
	*pphead = newnode;
}

2.5单链表头删

void SLTPopFront(SLTNode** pphead)
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(*pphead);
	SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
	*pphead = (*pphead)->next;
	free(tail);
	tail = NULL;

}

2.6单链表查找

SLTNode* SLTFind(SLTNode* phead, SLTDateType x)
{
	SLTNode* cur = phead;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->date == x)
		{
			return cur;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

2.7在pos前插入

void SLTInsert(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(pos);
	if (*pphead == pos)
	{
		SLTPushFront(pphead, x);
	}
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	SLTNode* prev = *pphead;
	while (prev->next != pos)
	{
		prev = prev->next;
	}
	prev->next = newnode;
	newnode->next = pos;

}

2.8删除pos位置的值

void SLTErase(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(*pphead);
	if (*pphead == pos)
	{
		SLTPopFront(pphead);
	}
	else
	{
		SLTNode* prev = *pphead;
		while (prev->next != pos)
		{
			prev = prev->next;
		}
		prev->next = pos->next;
	}
}

2.9单链表在pos位置之后插入x

void SListInsertAfter(SLTNode* pos, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pos);
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	newnode->next = pos->next;
	pos->next = newnode;
}

2.10单链表删除pos位置之后的值

void SListEraseAfter(SLTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pos);
	assert(pos->next);
	SLTNode* cur = pos->next;
	pos->next = cur->next;
	free(cur);
	cur = NULL;
}

2.11单链表的销毁

void SListDestroy(SLTNode* phead)
{
	SLTNode* prev = NULL;
	while (phead)
	{
		prev = phead;
		phead = phead->next;
		free(prev);
		prev = NULL;
	}
}

3.源代码

3.1 SList.h

#pragma once

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<assert.h>

typedef int SLTDateType;

typedef struct SListNode
{
	SLTDateType date;
	struct SListNode* next;

}SLTNode;

//单链表打印
void SLTPrint(SLTNode* phead);

//单链表尾插
void SLTPushBack(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDateType x);

//void SLTPushBack(SLTNode* phead, SLTDateType x);

//单链表头插
void SLTPushFront(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDateType x);

//单链表尾删
void SLTPopback(SLTNode** pphead);

//单链表头删
void SLTPopFront(SLTNode** pphead);

//单链表查找
SLTNode* SLTFind(SLTNode* phead, SLTDateType x);

//在pos前插入
void SLTInsert(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos, SLTDateType x);

//删除pos位置的值
void SLTErase(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos);

// 单链表的销毁
void SListDestroy(SLTNode* phead);

// 单链表在pos位置之后插入x
void SListInsertAfter(SLTNode* pos, SLTDateType x);

// 单链表删除pos位置之后的值
void SListEraseAfter(SLTNode* pos);

3.2 SList.c

#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include"SList.h"

//打印
void SLTPrint(SLTNode* phead)
{
	SLTNode* cur = phead;
	while (cur)
	{
		printf("%d->", cur->date);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("NULL\n");
}

//新节点
SLTNode* BuySTLNode(x)
{
	SLTNode* newnode = (SLTNode*)malloc(sizeof(SLTNode));
	if (newnode == NULL)
	{
		perror("SLTpushback::malloc");
		return NULL;
	}
	newnode->date = x;
	newnode->next = NULL;
	return newnode;
}
//尾插
void SLTPushBack(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pphead);
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	//找尾
	if (*pphead == NULL)
	{
		*pphead = newnode;
	}
	else
	{
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		while (tail->next != NULL)
		{
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		tail->next = newnode;
	}
}

//void SLTPushBack(SLTNode* phead, SLTDateType x)
//{
//	SLTNode* newnode = (SLTNode*)malloc(sizeof(SLTNode));
//	if (newnode == NULL)
//	{
//		perror("SLTpushback::malloc");
//		return;
//	}
//	newnode->date = x;
//	newnode->next = NULL;
//	//找尾
//	if (phead == NULL)
//	{
//		phead = newnode;
//	}
//	else
//	{
//		SLTNode* tail = phead;
//		while (tail->next != NULL)
//		{
//			tail = tail->next;
//		}
//		tail->next = newnode;
//	}
//}

//头插
void SLTPushFront(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pphead);
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	newnode->next = *pphead;
	*pphead = newnode;
}

//尾删
void SLTPopback(SLTNode** pphead)
{
	assert(pphead);
	//链表为空
	assert(*pphead);
	//1.只有一个节点
	if ((*pphead)->next == NULL)
	{
		free(*pphead);
		*pphead = NULL;
	}
	//2.多个节点
	else
	{
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		SLTNode* prev = NULL;
		while (tail->next != NULL)
		{
			prev = tail;
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		free(tail);
		tail = NULL;
		prev->next = NULL;

		//SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		//while (tail->next->next != NULL)
		//{
		//	tail = tail->next;
		//}
		//free(tail->next);
		//tail->next = NULL;
	}
}

//头删
void SLTPopFront(SLTNode** pphead)
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(*pphead);
	SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
	*pphead = (*pphead)->next;
	free(tail);
	tail = NULL;

}

//查找
SLTNode* SLTFind(SLTNode* phead, SLTDateType x)
{
	SLTNode* cur = phead;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->date == x)
		{
			return cur;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

//在pos前插入
void SLTInsert(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(pos);
	if (*pphead == pos)
	{
		SLTPushFront(pphead, x);
	}
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	SLTNode* prev = *pphead;
	while (prev->next != pos)
	{
		prev = prev->next;
	}
	prev->next = newnode;
	newnode->next = pos;

}

//删除pos前位置的值
void SLTErase(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(*pphead);
	if (*pphead == pos)
	{
		SLTPopFront(pphead);
	}
	else
	{
		SLTNode* prev = *pphead;
		while (prev->next != pos)
		{
			prev = prev->next;
		}
		prev->next = pos->next;
	}
}

// 单链表在pos位置之后插入x
void SListInsertAfter(SLTNode* pos, SLTDateType x)
{
	assert(pos);
	SLTNode* newnode = BuySTLNode(x);
	newnode->next = pos->next;
	pos->next = newnode;
}

// 单链表删除pos位置之后的值
void SListEraseAfter(SLTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pos);
	assert(pos->next);
	SLTNode* cur = pos->next;
	pos->next = cur->next;
	free(cur);
	cur = NULL;
}

// 单链表的销毁
void SListDestroy(SLTNode* phead)
{
	SLTNode* prev = NULL;
	while (phead)
	{
		prev = phead;
		phead = phead->next;
		free(prev);
		prev = NULL;
	}
}

3.3 test.c

#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include"SList.h"


void TestList1()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	//SLTNode s;
	//SLTPushBack(&s, 1);
	//SLTPushBack(&s, 2);
	//SLTPushBack(&s, 3);
	//SLTPushBack(&s, 4);
	//SLTPrint(&s);
	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist, 3);
	if (pos)
	{
		SLTInsert(&plist, pos, 20);
	}
	SLTPrint(plist);

}
void TestList2()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 4);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopback(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopback(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopback(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopback(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);

}

void TestList3()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 4);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopFront(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopFront(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopFront(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopFront(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);

}

void TestList4()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist, 3);
	if (pos)
	{
		SListEraseAfter(pos);
	}
	SLTPrint(plist);
	pos = SLTFind(plist, 2);
	if (pos)
	{
		SListEraseAfter(pos);
	}
	SLTPrint(plist);
	pos = SLTFind(plist, 1);
	if (pos)
	{
		SListEraseAfter(pos);
	}
	SLTPrint(plist);
	//pos = SLTFind(plist, 1);
	//if (pos)
	//{
	//	SLTErase(&plist, pos);
	//}
	//SLTPrint(plist);
	//pos = SLTFind(plist, 2);
	//if (pos)
	//{
	//	SLTErase(&plist, pos);
	//}
	//SLTPrint(plist);
	//pos = SLTFind(plist, 4);
	//if (pos)
	//{
	//	SLTErase(&plist, pos);
	//}
	//SLTPrint(plist);
	SListDestroy(plist);
}
int main()
{
	//TestList1();
	//TestList2();
	//TestList3();
	TestList4();

	return 0;
}
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