单源最短路的建图方式

本文介绍了如何使用SPFA、堆优化版Dijkstra和Floyd算法解决最短路径问题,分别应用于AcWing题库中的三个实例,包括单源最短路、多源最短路和大规模点间距离求和问题。
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1129. 热浪 - AcWing题库

这道题可以有三种方法来做,朴素版的dijkstra、堆优化版的dijkstra和spfa算法

(1)spfa算法 

 这里的队列用循环队列,而不是像模板那样用普通队列是因为它的队列长度不确定

import java.util.*;

public class Main{
    static int N = 2510, M = 2 * 6200 + 10;
    static int n, m, S, T, idx;
    static int[] dist = new int[N];
    static int[] q = new int[N];
    static int[] h = new int[N], ne = new int[M], e = new int[M], w = new int[M];//邻接表
    static boolean[] st = new boolean[N];
    
    //邻接表存储
    public static void add(int a, int b, int c){
        e[idx] = b;
        w[idx] = c;
        ne[idx] = h[a];
        h[a] = idx ++;
    }
    
    public static void spfa(){
        Arrays.fill(dist, 0x3f3f3f3f);
        dist[S] = 0;
        
        int hh = 0, tt = 1;//循环队列
        q[0] = S;
        st[S] = true;//在队列里面
        
        while(hh != tt){//循环队列判断为空的条件
            int t = q[hh ++];
            
            if(hh == N) hh = 0;
            
            st[t] = false;//取出了这个元素
            for(int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i]){
                int j = e[i];
                if(dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i]){
                    dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                    if(!st[j]){
                        q[tt ++] = j;//加入循环队列
                        
                        if(tt == N) tt = 0;
                        st[j] = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        n = sc.nextInt();//点
        m = sc.nextInt();//边
        S = sc.nextInt();//起点
        T = sc.nextInt();//终点
        
        //建图
        Arrays.fill(h, -1);//这个一定要记得
        for(int i = 0; i < m; i ++){
            int a = sc.nextInt();
            int b = sc.nextInt();
            int c = sc.nextInt();
            add(a, b, c);//无向图
            add(b, a, c);
        }
        
        spfa();
        System.out.print(dist[T]);
    }
}

(2) dijkstra堆优化算法

import java.util.*;

class PII implements Comparable<PII>{
    int distance, num;
    
    public PII(int distance, int num){
        this.distance = distance;
        this.num = num;
    }
    
    public int compareTo(PII o){
        return distance - o.distance;
    }
}

public class Main{
    static int N = 2510, M = 2 * 6200 + 10;
    static int n, m, S, T, idx;
    static int[] dist = new int[N];
    static int[] h = new int[N], ne = new int[M], e = new int[M], w = new int[M];//邻接表
    static boolean[] st = new boolean[N];
    
    //邻接表存储
    public static void add(int a, int b, int c){
        e[idx] = b;
        w[idx] = c;
        ne[idx] = h[a];
        h[a] = idx ++;
    }
    
    public static void dijkstra(){
        PriorityQueue<PII> q = new PriorityQueue<>();//优先队列
        
        Arrays.fill(dist, 0x3f3f3f3f);
        dist[S] = 0;
        q.offer(new PII(0, S));
        
        while(!q.isEmpty()){
            PII t = q.poll();
            int distance = t.distance;//到起点的距离
            int num = t.num;//点的编号
            
            if(st[num]) continue;//遍历过了
            st[num] = true;//标记为遍历过
            
            for(int i = h[num]; i != -1; i = ne[i]){
                int j = e[i];
                if(dist[j] > distance + w[i]){
                    dist[j] = distance + w[i];
                    if(!st[j]) q.offer(new PII(dist[j], j));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        n = sc.nextInt();//点
        m = sc.nextInt();//边
        S = sc.nextInt();//起点
        T = sc.nextInt();//终点
        
        //建图
        Arrays.fill(h, -1);//这个一定要记得
        for(int i = 0; i < m; i ++){
            int a = sc.nextInt();
            int b = sc.nextInt();
            int c = sc.nextInt();
            add(a, b, c);//无向图
            add(b, a, c);
        }
        
        dijkstra();
        
        System.out.print(dist[T]);
    }
}

1128. 信使 - AcWing题库

        这道题是让我们求出指挥部到所有点的最短距离,取一个最大值,如果存在一个点距离指挥部的距离是正无穷的话,就输出-1。 

        这道题虽然是让我们求单源最短路,但是我们也可以用多源最短路的Floyd算法来求。

Floyd算法 

import java.util.*;

public class Main{
    static int N = 110;
    static int[][] dist = new int[N][N];
    static int n, m;
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        n = sc.nextInt();
        m = sc.nextInt();
        
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++){
            for(int j = 1; j <= n; j ++){
                if(i == j) dist[i][j] = 0;
                else dist[i][j] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
            }
        }
        
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++){
           int a = sc.nextInt();
            int b = sc.nextInt();
            int c = sc.nextInt();
            dist[a][b] = dist[b][a] = Math.min(dist[a][b], c);//防止出现重边
        }
        
        //开始Floy算法
        for(int k = 1; k <= n; k ++){
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++){
                for(int j = 1; j <= n; j ++){
                    dist[i][j] = Math.min(dist[i][j], dist[i][k] + dist[k][j]);
                }
            }
        }
        
        //找到最大的那条最短路径
        int res = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++){
            if(dist[1][i] == 0x3f3f3f3f){
                res = -1;
                break;
            }
            res = Math.max(res, dist[1][i]);
        }
        
        //输出最大值
        System.out.print(res);
    }
}

 

 1127. 香甜的黄油 - AcWing题库

        这道题是本质上是一个多源最短路问题,让我们算出每个点到其他点的距离之和的最小值,但是这道题的数据很大,如果用Floyd算法会超时,所以这里我们可以用spfa算法算出n个点的情况,去一个最小值。

spfa算法 

import java.util.*;

public class Main{
    static int N = 810, M = 3000, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    static int n, m, p, idx;
    static int[] id = new int[N];//奶牛所在牧场编号
    static int[] q = new int[N];//循环队列
    static int[] h = new int[N], e = new int[M], ne = new int[M], w = new int[M];
    static boolean[] st = new boolean[N];
    static int[] dist = new int[N];
    
    public static void add(int a, int b, int c){
        e[idx] = b;
        w[idx] = c;
        ne[idx] = h[a];
        h[a] = idx ++;
    }
    
    public static int spfa(int u){
        Arrays.fill(dist, INF);
        dist[u] = 0;
        
        int hh = 0, tt = 1;
        q[0] = u;
        st[u] = true;
        
        while(hh != tt){
            int t = q[hh ++];
            if(hh == N) hh = 0;
            st[t] = false;
            
            for(int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i]){
                int j = e[i];
                if(dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i]){
                    dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                    if(!st[j]){
                        q[tt ++] = j;
                        if(tt == N) tt = 0;
                        st[j] = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        int res = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
            int j = id[i];//奶牛所在牧场编号
            if(dist[j] == INF){
                return INF;
            } 
            res += dist[j];
        }
        
        return res;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        n = sc.nextInt();
        p = sc.nextInt();
        m = sc.nextInt();
        
        Arrays.fill(h, -1);
        
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
            id[i] = sc.nextInt();
        }
        
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++){
            int a = sc.nextInt();
            int b = sc.nextInt();
            int c = sc.nextInt();
            add(a, b, c);//无向图
            add(b, a, c);
        }
        
        int res = INF;
        for(int i = 1; i <= p; i ++){//所有奶牛到第i个牧场的距离之和
            res = Math.min(res, spfa(i));
        }
        
        System.out.print(res);
    }
}

 

 1126. 最小花费 - AcWing题库

这道题要我们求a的最少钱数,因为有100=da*w1*w2*...(其中这里的w是指1-手续费%,也就是汇率),要先da最小,那么就是说要w的乘积最大 

朴素版dijkstra算法 

import java.util.*;

public class Main{
    static int N = 2010;
    static int n, m, start, end;
    static double[][] g = new double[N][N];//邻接矩阵存储边
    static double[] dist = new double[N];//起点到其他点的距离
    static boolean[] st = new boolean[N];
    
    public static void dijkstra(){
        //Arrays.fill(dist, 0x3f3f3f3f);我们要求的是dist的最大值,所以这里不需要这句话
        dist[start] = 1;
        
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++){//遍历n次,每次找到一个
            int t = -1;
            for(int j = 1; j <= n; j ++){
                if(!st[j] && (t == -1 || dist[j] > dist[t])){
                    t = j;
                }
            }
            
            st[t] = true;//标记为遍历过
            
            for(int j = 1; j <= n; j ++){
                dist[j] = Math.max(dist[j], dist[t] * g[t][j]);
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        n = sc.nextInt();
        m = sc.nextInt();
        
        for(int i = 0; i < m; i ++){
            int a = sc.nextInt();
            int b = sc.nextInt();
            int c = sc.nextInt();
            double z = (100.0 - c) / 100.0;
            //这里为什么取最大值?因为原本是要求c最小的,而现在的z与c的关系是相反的,所以取最大
            g[a][b] = g[b][a] = Math.max(g[a][b], z);//防止重边
        }
        
        start = sc.nextInt();
        end = sc.nextInt();
        
        dijkstra();
        
        //我们求的dist是w乘积的最大值,如果想要da的最大值,就要用100来除dist
        System.out.printf("%.8f", 100.0 / dist[end]);
    }
}

 

920. 最优乘车 - AcWing题库

换车的最小次数=坐车的最小次数 - 1 

由于这道题所有边的权重是1,所以可以直接用bfs,不需要用dijkstra、spfa什么的

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Main{
    static int N = 510;
    static int n, m, res, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    static int[] q = new int[N];//用数组来模拟队列
    static boolean[][] g = new boolean[N][N];//true表示连通,false表示不连通
    static int[] dist = new int[N];//最小坐车次数
    static int[] cnt = new int[N];//每条线路经过的巴士站
    
    public static void bfs(){
        Arrays.fill(dist, INF);
        dist[1] = 0;
        
        int hh = 0, tt = -1;
        q[++ tt] = 1;
        while(hh <= tt){
            int t = q[hh ++];//取出队头
            
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++){
                if(g[t][i] && dist[i] > dist[t] + 1){
                    dist[i] = dist[t] + 1;
                    q[++ tt] = i;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String[] s = br.readLine().split(" ");
        m = Integer.parseInt(s[0]);
        n = Integer.parseInt(s[1]);
        
        for(int i = 0; i < m; i ++){
            String[] arr = br.readLine().split(" ");
            int len = arr.length;//这条线路经过多少个车站
            for(int j = 0; j < len; j ++) cnt[j] = Integer.parseInt(arr[j]);
            for(int j = 0; j < len; j ++){//这个车站和它后面的车站之间都连通(单程)
                for(int k = j + 1; k < len; k ++){
                    g[cnt[j]][cnt[k]] = true;//连通置为true
                }
            }
        }
        
        bfs();
        
        if(dist[n] == INF) System.out.print("NO");
        else System.out.print(dist[n] - 1);
    }
}

 

903. 昂贵的聘礼 - AcWing题库

用一个虚拟远点将这些点联系起来,建图 

 

 

import java.util.*;

public class Main{
    static int N = 110;
    static int n, m;
    static int[][] g = new int[N][N];//用于建图
    static int[] dist = new int[N];
    static boolean[] st = new boolean[N];
    static int[] level = new int[N];//每个点的等级
    
    public static int dijkstra(int down, int up){
        //因为要枚举多个区间,所以每次开始之前都要进行初始化
        Arrays.fill(st, false);
        Arrays.fill(dist, 0x3f3f3f3f);
        dist[0] = 0;//虚拟远点的距离置为0
        
        //朴素版的dijkstra,因为建立了一个虚拟远点,所以循环的时候要从0开始
        for(int i = 0; i <= n; i ++){
            int t = -1;
            for(int j = 0; j <= n; j ++){
                if(!st[j] && (t == -1 || dist[t] > dist[j])){
                    t = j;
                }
            }
            
            st[t] = true;
            
            //更新其他点的值
            for(int j = 0; j <= n; j ++){
                if(level[j] >= down && level[j] <= up){
                    dist[j] = Math.min(dist[j], dist[t] + g[t][j]);
                }
            }
        }
        return dist[1];
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        m = sc.nextInt();
        n = sc.nextInt();
        
        //初始化
        for(int i = 0; i < N; i ++){
            Arrays.fill(g[i], 0x3f3f3f3f);
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < N; i ++){
            g[i][i] = 0;
        }
        
        //建图
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++){
            int price = sc.nextInt();
            level[i] = sc.nextInt();
            int cnt = sc.nextInt();//有几种兑换方式
            g[0][i] = price;//虚拟远点到当前点的距离(不兑换,直接购买)
            for(int j = 1; j <= cnt; j ++){
                int id = sc.nextInt();
                int cost = sc.nextInt();
                g[id][i] = cost;//兑换物品到当前点的距离
            }
        }
        
        int res = 0x3f3f3f3f;
        //枚举等级的左端点,找到最小的等级,因为我们一定要将第一个点包含在内
        for(int i = level[1] - m; i <= level[1]; i ++) res = Math.min(res, dijkstra(i, i + m));
        
        System.out.print(res);
    }
}

 

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