Java中的enum枚举类

enum枚举类

引出：如果我们有一个类Season表示季节，众所周知季节只有春夏秋冬四个，我们为了避免出现定义错误的季节对象，就要使用到enum枚举类，枚举类可以帮助我们固定好实例化对象，使我们不能进行修改

public class Enumeration01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //定义春夏秋冬
        Season spring = new Season("春天","温暖");
        Season summer = new Season("夏天","炎热");
        Season autumn = new Season("秋天","凉爽");
        Season winter = new Season("冬天","寒冷");
        //此时可以定义错误的对象
        Season error = new Season("坦克","武器");
    }
}

class Season{
    private String name;	//季节名称
    private String desc;	//季节特点

    public Season(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }
}

分类

• 自定义枚举类

  1. 枚举类不能修改属性，所以setXxx()方法不能起作用
  2. 对枚举对象（属性）使用final + static修饰，实现底层优化
  3. 枚举对象名通常全部大写，常量的命名规范
  4. 枚举对象可以有多个属性

  public class Enumeration01 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Season spring = Season.SPRING;
          Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
          Season autumn = Season.AUTUMN;
          Season winter = Season.WINTER;
          System.out.println(spring);
          System.out.println(summer);
          System.out.println(autumn);
          System.out.println(winter);
      }
  }
  
  class Season{
      private String name;
      private String desc;
  
      public final static Season SPRING = new Season("春天","温暖");
      public final static Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","炎热");
      public final static Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","凉爽");
      public final static Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","寒冷");
      private Season(String name, String desc) {  //private关键字防止在外部类中实例化
          this.name = name;
          this.desc = desc;
      }
  
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
      public String getDesc() {
          return desc;
      }
  
      @Override
      public String toString() {	//重写toString()方法，返回对象中的属性
          return "Season{" +
                  "name='" + name + '\'' +
                  ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                  '}';
      }
  }
  

• enum关键字定义枚举类

  1. 使用关键字enum代替class
  2. public static final Season SPRING = new Season(“春天”,“温暖”);可以替换成SPRING(“春天”,“温暖”);
  3. 如果有多个常量（对象），要使用‘，’隔开
  4. 常量（对象）要写到枚举类的最前面

  public class Enumeration01 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Season spring = Season.SPRING;
          Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
          Season autumn = Season.AUTUMN;
          Season winter = Season.WINTER;
          System.out.println(spring);
          System.out.println(summer);
          System.out.println(autumn);
          System.out.println(winter);
      }
  }
  
  enum Season{
      SPRING("春天","温暖"),
      SUMMER("夏天","炎热"),
      AUTUMN("秋天","凉爽"),
      WINTER("冬天","寒冷");
      private String name;
      private String desc;
  
      private Season(String name, String desc) {  //private关键字防止在外部类实例化
          this.name = name;
          this.desc = desc;
      }
  
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
      public String getDesc() {
          return desc;
      }
      
      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "Season{" +
                  "name='" + name + '\'' +
                  ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                  '}';
      }
  }
  

  注意

  1. enum关键字定义的枚举类其实隐式的继承了Enum类，并且自身还被final修饰
  2. 传统的 public static final Season SPRING = new Season(“春天”,“温暖”)，简化成SPRING(“春天”,“温暖”)要知道调用的是哪个构造器
  3. 如果使用无参构造器，那么实参列表和小括号都可以省略
  4. 当有多个枚举对象时，使用’,'隔开，最后一个使用分号结尾
  5. 枚举对象必须放在枚举类最前面

  Enum成员方法

  • toString()方法：Enum类中重写了toString()方法，返回的是枚举类对象的名称比如：System.out.println(SPRING("春天","温暖"));返回的是SPRING
  • name()方法：返回当前枚举类对象的名称
  • ordinal()方法：返回当前对象的编号（表示当前对象在枚举类中的位置，从0开始）
  • values()方法：返回枚举类中的所有对象，存储到一个数组中，可以进行遍历
  • valueOf()方法：将字符串转换成枚举对象，要求字符串必须为已有的常量名，否则报异常
  • compareTo()方法：比较两个枚举常量，比较的就是编号

  public class Enumeration01 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Season spring = Season.SPRING;
          System.out.println(spring); //toString()方法，返回SPRING
          System.out.println(spring.name());  //name()方法，返回SPRING
          System.out.println(spring.ordinal());//ordinal()方法，返回0
          Season[] seasons = Season.values(); //values()方法，返回枚举对象数组
          for(Season season : seasons){
              System.out.println(season);
          }
          Season autumn = Season.valueOf("AUTUMN");//valueOf()方法，返回当前字符串表示常量名的对象
          System.out.println(spring.compareTo(autumn));//compareTo(Season season)方法，返回0-2
      }
  }