题目
解题
拓扑搭建
如图所示
划分ip
因为题中没有特定要求,网段就可以随便给.如下图:
路由器配置
简单配置接口ip和环回ip
r1:
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 8
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 13.0.0.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]display ip interface brief
r2:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 8
[r2-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 24.0.0.1 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
r3:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname r3
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 8
[r3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 13.0.0.2 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 34.0.0.1 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
r4:
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 8
[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 24.0.0.2 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 34.0.0.2 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
动态协议
rip选择版本和宣告主类网段,ospf选择区域和宣告(网段+反掩码),如下图:
路由器配置
r1:
[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]version 2
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
r2:
[r2]rip
[r2-rip-1]version 2
[r2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]ospf
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
r3:
[r3]rip
[r3-rip-1]version 2
[r3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
[r3-rip-1]ospf
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.255.255.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
r4:
[r4]ospf
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.255.255.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
检测
双点双向重发布
r2:
[r2]rip
[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r2]ospf
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip
r3:
[r3]rip
[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r3]ospf
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip
路由策略
rip
针对上图,4.4.4.4是负载均衡,但是24.0.0.0和34.0.0.0也是负载均衡,就不正常,因为我们根据拓扑知道前往24.0.0.0的下一跳是12.0.0.2,前往34.0.0.0的下一跳是13.0.0.2更合适。所以我们使用偏移列表更改开销,让r2的34.0.0.0路由的开销变成10,让r3的24.0.0.0路由的开销变成10。这样达到了前往24.0.0.0的下一跳是12.0.0.2,前往34.0.0.0的下一跳是13.0.0.2这个目标。
r2:因为这条路由是从r2到r1的,所以我们在r2的流量出接口配置
[r2]ip ip-prefix aa permit 34.0.0.0 30
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix aa 10
r3:因为这条路由是从r3到r1的,所以我们在r3的流量出接口配置
[r3]ip ip-prefix aa permit 24.0.0.0 30
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix aa 10
在来看一下成果,如下图
ospf
在上图中,我们可以看到1.0.0.0、2.0.0.0、12.0.0.0和13.0.0.0都是负载均衡,但是我们根据拓扑可以知道前往2.0.0.0的下一跳只是24.0.0.1、前往12.0.0.0的下一跳只是24.0.0.1和前往13.0.0.0的下一跳只是34.0.0.1才理想。我们就要使用路由策略修改开销。很明显,我们要修改前往13.0.0.0的下一跳只有34.0.0.1,就只要在r2的rip路由重发布在ospf的时候修改13.0.0.0路由的开销为10即可,修改前往2.0.0.0和12.0.0.0的下一跳只有24.0.0.1,就只要在r3的rip路由重发布到ospf的时候修改这两条路由的开销为10即可。
r2:
[r2]ip ip-prefix bb permit 13.0.0.0 30
[r2]route-policy qq permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix bb
[r2-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]route-policy qq permit node 20
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]ospf
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy qq
r3:
[r3]ip ip-prefix bb permit 2.0.0.0 8
[r3]ip ip-prefix bb permit 12.0.0.0 30
[r3]route-policy qq permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix bb
[r3-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]route-policy qq permit node 20
[r3-route-policy]ospf
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy qq
检测结果,完美。