C++问题处理01——二维数组的处理

固定长度的二维数组：http://c.biancheng.net/view/200.html

（三种主要初始化方法）

动态变换的二维数组

1.用（数组+指针）创建

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int row, column;
	while (cin >> row >> column)
	{
		//申请空间
		int** matrix = new int*[row];
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
			matrix[i] = new int[column];

		//使用空间
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
			for (int j = 0; j < column; j++)
				matrix[i][j] = rand() % 100;

		//展示
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < column; j++)
			{
				cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";
			}
			cout << endl;
		}

		//释放空间
		//1、从申请空间反过来写
		//2、记得写指针=NULL
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			delete matrix[i];
			matrix[i] = NULL;
		}
		delete[row]matrix;
		matrix = NULL;
	}

}

结果展示：

 2、利用vector创建

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int row, column;
	while (cin >> row >> column)
	{
		//申请空间
		vector<vector<int>>matrix(row,vector<int>(column));
		//vector初始化规则：vector<type>name(size，value)  value指定了所有元素的初始值（可省略），size为长度

		//使用空间
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < column; j++)
			{
				matrix[i][j] = rand() % 100;//这里一般会用push_back(),否则容易数组越界错误
			}
		}

		//展示
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < column; j++)
			{
				cout<<matrix[i][j]<<" ";
			}
			cout << endl;
		}
	}
}

 结果展示：

例题：

1.（数组+指针）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;



int main()
{
	int n;
	while (cin >> n)
	{
		//申请空间
		int** matrix = new int* [n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
		{
			matrix[i] = new int[n];
		}

		//赋值
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
			{
				int m;
				cin >> m;
				matrix[i][j] = m;
			}
		}

		//部分输出
		for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 1; j < n - 2; j++)
			{
				cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";
			}
			cout << matrix[i][n - 2]<<endl;
			
		}

		//对角线求和
		int sum = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
			{
				if (i == j)sum += matrix[i][j];
			}
		}
		cout << sum << endl;
	}
}

2.（vector）

 

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int n;
	while (cin >> n)
	{
		vector<vector<char>>keywords(n, vector<char>());
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			string key;
			cin >> key;
			for (int j = 0; j < key.length(); j++)
			{
				keywords[i].push_back( key[j]);//这里不用push_back会报错：数组越界
			}
		}

		vector<char>Min = keywords[0];
		char* Min_copy = &Min.at(0);
		int len_Min=Min.size();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			char* temp = &keywords[i].at(0);
			int len_Min_copy = keywords[i].size();//数组长度在 数组地址作为参数 进入函数后 无法计算，因此必须先计算长度并输入
			if (strcmp(temp, Min_copy) < 0)
			{
				Min_copy = temp;
				len_Min = len_Min_copy;
			}
		}

		for (int i = 0; i <len_Min; i++)
		{
			cout << Min_copy[i];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}