docker 镜像的制作

一、镜像

1.打包

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker save -o centos.tar centos:latest

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  centos.tar

2.传输

[root@localhost ~]# scp centos.tar root@192.168.1.100:/root

3.删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker start c0                   //启动容器

c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach c0                     //进入容器

[root@207ca7680ecc /]# exit

exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --all                         //查看全部

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES

207ca7680ecc   centos:latest   "/bin/bash"   20 hours ago   Exited (0) 4 seconds ago             c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi centos:latest                               //这里看到没有删掉，因为有容器正在使用

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos:latest" (must force) - container 207ca7680ecc is using its referenced image 5d0da3dc9764

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm c0                                  //删除容器

c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --all

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi centos:latest                                   //成功删除

Untagged: centos:latest

Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177

Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6

Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

4.导入到本地目录

[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i centos.tar

74ddd0ec08fa: Loading layer

[==================================================

>] 238.6MB/238.6MB

Loaded image: centos:latest

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls          //这里看到已经导入成功了

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB

二、容器导出镜像（导出一个有yum源的镜像）

1.有yum源的

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name=c0 centos:latest /bin/bas               //创建并启动服务

配置yum源

[root@70f41b63c128 /]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

[root@70f41b63c128 /]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo                

[root@70f41b63c128 /]# yum clean all && yum makecache

[root@70f41b63c128 /]#yum -y install epel-release

ctrl+p+q退出

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --all

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES

70f41b63c128   centos:latest   "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes             c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker export -o centos_yum.tar c0                     //导出tar

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  centos.tar  centos_yum.tar

[root@localhost ~]# docker import -m yum centos_yum.tar centos:yum            //导入为镜像

sha256:9d43e5c9d7e41b8ed7ec287ad1cde2e56297808cab66618e25f25b6962b869fa

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls                                  //生成了新的镜像

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE

centos       yum       9d43e5c9d7e4   About a minute ago   260MB

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago          231MB

2.有httpd的

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name c100 centos:yum /bin/bash

[root@1fe0d666d8b9 /]# yum -y install httpd

退出

[root@localhost ~]# docker export -o centos_httpd.tar c100

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  centos_httpd.tar  centos.tar  centos_yum.tar

[root@localhost ~]# docker import -m httpd centos_httpd.tar centos:httpd

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE

centos       httpd     55b1539d5cd6   About an hour ago   309MB

centos       yum       9d43e5c9d7e4   4 hours ago         260MB

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago         231MB

三、IP地址

查看ip

1.进入容器，安装net-tools或iproute，直接使用命令ifconfig

[root@6e9839616992 /]# yum -y install net-tools

[root@6e9839616992 /]# ifconfig

[root@6e9839616992 /]# yum -y install iproute

[root@6e9839616992 /]# ip a s

2.在外面使用docker指令inspect

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect c100

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect centos:httpd

3.在外部调用指令

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec c100 ip a s

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec c100 ifconfig

4.使用exec创建一个文件

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec c100 touch /root/tdr.txt

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach c100

[root@6e9839616992 /]# ls /root

anaconda-ks.cfg  anaconda-post.log  original-ks.cfg  tdr.txt

四、虚拟机端口映射

1.将容器中的80端口映射到宿主机的80端口

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop c100 c101                          //停用容器

c100

c101

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm c100 c101                          //删除容器

c100

c101

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name c0 -p80:80/tcp centos:httpd /bin/bash                //创建启动并映射端口，将容器中的80端口映射给宿主机的80端口，前面是宿主机的端口，后面是容器的端口

[root@1fe0d666d8b9 /]# httpd -k start

[root@1fe0d666d8b9 /]# echo "tdr" > /usr/share/httpd/noindex/index.html

ctrl+p+q退出

[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost                            //宿主机访问，没做端口映射之前就是可以访问的

tdr          

去真机浏览器访问虚拟机IP：192.168.1.76                  //没做端口映射之前不能访问，现在可以了

2.随机的为容器指定映射端口，映射端口>=32768

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --all

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES

1fe0d666d8b9   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop c0                 //停止

c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm c0                   //删除

c0

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name c1 -p80 centos:httpd /bin/bash  //这里只有80，是容器的80端口

[root@dce0e427f4d6 /]# httpd -k start

[root@dce0e427f4d6 /]# curl localhost

i am tdr

ctrl+p+q退出

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps                  

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                     NAMES

dce0e427f4d6   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   c1

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.1.76:32768

i am tdr

去真机浏览器访问虚拟机IP：192.168.1.76:32768

3.通过其他的IP地址的端口映射容器的端口

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.1.77 broadcast 192.168.1.77 netmask 255.255.255.255 up

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name c0 -p192.168.1.77::80 centos:httpd /bin/bash

[root@1775f9c8e015 /]# httpd -k start

[root@1775f9c8e015 /]# curl localhost

i am tdr

ctrl+p+q退出

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                     NAMES

1775f9c8e015   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   192.168.1.77:32769->80/tcp                c0

dce0e427f4d6   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   17 minutes ago       Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   c1

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.1.77:32769

i am tdr

去真机浏览器访问虚拟机IP：192.168.1.77:32769