OSPF综合实验

一 实验要求

1 R4为ISP,其中只能配置IP地址；R4与其他的所有直连设备均使用公网直连

2 R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，其中R3为中心站点

3 整个OSPF环境IP均基于172.16.0.0/16进行划分

4 所有设备均可以访问R4的环回

5 减少LSA更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全。

6 全网可达

二 配置思路

首先，规划好所有的IP地址，以方便进行汇总。其次先配置R3 -5/6/7的MGRE环境。配置好之后，在配置剩下的路由器的环回接口以及骨干IP地址。全部的IP地址配置完之后，就开始启动OSPF协议，针对在MGRE环境下，OSPF协议出现的问题进行解决。 解决完之后就设置特殊区域和汇总以达到优化LSA的目的。 再接着配置下认证，对路由器设置缺省，以及配NAT以到达内网访问公网的需求

三 IP地址规划

172.16.0.0/16

172.16.0.0 /19 区域0 172.16.0.0 /25 172.16.0.128 /25 172.16.1.0 /25 -----172.16.31.128 /25

172.16.0.0 /25 -/30点到点骨干 172.16.0.128 /25 --- /29MA骨干

172.16.32.0/19 区域1

172.16.64.0/19 区域2

172.16.96.0/19 区域3

172.16.128.0/19 区域4

172.16.160.0/19 rip

172.16.192.0/19

172.16.224.0/19

四 MGRE环境配置

R3:
 sysname r3

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 34.1.1.2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

 ip address 34.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 

interface Tunnel0/0/0

 ip address 172.16.0.129 255.255.255.248 
 
tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

 source 34.1.1.1

 nhrp entry multicast dynamic

R5
 sysname r5

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 45.1.1.2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 ip address 45.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 

interface Tunnel0/0/0

 ip address 172.16.0.130 255.255.255.248 

 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

 source GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register

R6
 sysname r6

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 46.1.1.2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 ip address 46.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 

interface Tunnel0/0/0

 ip address 172.16.0.131 255.255.255.248 

 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

 source GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register
R7
 sysname r7

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 47.1.1.2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 ip address 47.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 

interface Tunnel0/0/0

 ip address 172.16.0.132 255.255.255.248 

 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

 source GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register

五 启动OSPF协议以及LSA优化

R1:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.32.129 255.255.255.248 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.33.1 255.255.255.128

ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 
 area 0.0.0.1 
  network 172.16.32.0 0.0.1.255 
  stub ----设置为神经末梢区域   LSA优化
R2:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.32.130 255.255.255.248 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 1 123456

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.33.129 255.255.255.128 

ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 
 area 0.0.0.1 
  network 172.16.32.0 0.0.1.255 
  stub ----LSA优化

R3:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.32.131 255.255.255.248 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.34.1 255.255.255.128 

ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 172.16.0.129 0.0.0.0 
 area 0.0.0.1 
  abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
  network 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255 
  stub no-summary---设置为完全神经末梢区域 LSA优化
R5:
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.128 

ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 
R6:
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.1.129 255.255.255.128 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 172.16.64.1 255.255.255.252 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 3 cipher 123456

ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 
 area 0.0.0.2 
  abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
  network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0 
  nssa no-summary---设置为完全NSSA   LSA优化
R7:
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.128 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 172.16.96.1 255.255.255.252

ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 
 area 0.0.0.3 
  abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
  network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0 
  nssa no-summary ---设置完全NSSA   LSA优化
R8:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.96.2 255.255.255.252 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 172.16.96.5 255.255.255.252 

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.97.1 255.255.255.128 

ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8 
 area 0.0.0.3 
  network 172.16.96.0 0.0.1.255 
  nssa ----LSA优化
R9:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.96.6 255.255.255.252 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 172.16.128.1 255.255.255.252 

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.129.1 255.255.255.128 

ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9 
 asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
 import-route ospf 2
 area 0.0.0.3 
  network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0 
  nssa  ----LSA优化

ospf 2 
 default-route-advertise
 area 0.0.0.4 
  network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255 
R10:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.128.2 255.255.255.252

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.129.129 255.255.255.128
 
ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10 
 area 0.0.0.4 
  network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255 
R11:
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.65.1 255.255.255.128 

 ip address 172.16.64.2 255.255.255.252 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 3 cipher 123456

ip address 172.16.64.5 255.255.255.252 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 3 cipher 123456

ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11 
 area 0.0.0.2 
  network 172.16.64.0 0.0.1.255 
  nssa ----LSA优化
R12:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 172.16.64.6 255.255.255.252 
 ospf authentication-mode md5 3 cipher 123456

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 172.16.160.1 255.255.255.128 

interface LoopBack1
 ip address 172.16.160.129 255.255.255.128

ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12 
 asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
 import-route rip 1
 area 0.0.0.2 
  network 172.16.64.6 0.0.0.0 
  nssa -----LSA优化

 rip 1
 version 2
 network 172.16.0.0
 import-route ospf 1

运行截图

优化后截图

R1

R5R12

六 配置NAT 访问换回接口

R3
acl number 2000  
 rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 nat outbound 2000
R6:
acl number 2000  
 rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 nat outbound 2000
R7:
acl number 2000  
 rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 nat outbound 2000

运行截图

七 总结

此次实验，让我更加了解了LSA的运行过程，以及如何在中大型网络对LSA进行优化。也让我更加熟悉对OSPF配置的操作命令。刚开始配置的时候，也会遇到一些不懂得问题。通过一层一层的排错，也是及时的改正了。此次实验也让我知道了特殊区域对LSA的优化是如何在正常环境下面操作的。总之此次实验让我受益匪浅