C++ 四种迭代器与三种遍历方式

一、四种迭代器

拿vector举例

1. 非const对象的正向迭代器

vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();
while (it != v.end()) {
	cout << *it << " ";
	it++;
}

2. 非const对象的反向迭代器

vector<int>::reverse_iterator rit = v.rbegin();
while (rit != v.rend()) {
	cout << *rit << " ";
	++rit;
}

3. const对象的正向迭代器与const对象的反向迭代器

void print_vector(const vector<int>& v) {//在实际过程中一般不直接使用const 定义对象
	//一般和引用&用于传参中，引用提高效率，const防止改变对象
	//const对象的正向迭代
	vector<int>::const_iterator it = v.begin();
	while (it != v.end()) {
		cout << *it << " ";
		++it;
	}
	cout << endl;
	//const对象的反向迭代
	vector<int>::const_reverse_iterator rit = v.rbegin();
	while (rit != v.rend()) {
		cout << *rit << " ";
		rit++;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

二、三种遍历方法

1. for+下标遍历

for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
	cout << v[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;

2. for+auto遍历

for (auto e : v) {//也可以写成auto& e可修改v里的内容
	cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;

3. 迭代器遍历

vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();//也可以写成auto it=vbegin();更加简洁
while (it != v.end()) {
	cout << *it << " ";
	++it;
}
cout << endl;