series
默认索引
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data = np.array(['a','b','c','d'])
s = pd.Series(data)
print (s)
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
dtype: object
指定索引
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data = np.array(['a','b','c','d'])
#自定义索引标签（即显示索引）
s = pd.Series(data,index=[100,101,102,103])
print(s)
100 a
101 b
102 c
103 d
dtype: object
字典创建
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data = {'a' : 0., 'b' : 1., 'c' : 2.}
s = pd.Series(data,index=['b','c','d','a'])
print(s)
b 1.0
c 2.0
d NaN
a 0.0
dtype: float64
切片
import pandas as pd
s = pd.Series([1,2,3,4,5],index = ['a','b','c','d','e'])
print(s[:3])
a 1
b 2
c 3
dtype: int64
import pandas as pd
s = pd.Series([6,7,8,9,10],index = ['a','b','c','d','e'])
print(s[['a','c','d']])
a 6
c 8
d 9
dtype: int64
head,tail
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(5))
print ("The original series is:")
print (s)
#返回前三行数据
print (s.head(3))
原系列输出结果:
0 1.249679
1 0.636487
2 -0.987621
3 0.999613
4 1.607751
head(3)输出：
dtype: float64
0 1.249679
1 0.636487
2 -0.987621
dtype: float64
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
#原series
print(s)
#输出后两行数据
print (s.tail(2))
原Series输出：
0 0.053340
1 2.165836
2 -0.719175
3 -0.035178
输出后两行数据：
dtype: float64
2 -0.719175
3 -0.035178
dtype: float64
isnull,notnull
import pandas as pd
#None代表缺失数据
s=pd.Series([1,2,5,None])
print(pd.isnull(s)) #是空值返回True
print(pd.notnull(s)) #空值返回False
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 True
dtype: bool
notnull():
0 True
1 True
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
DataFrame
创建
import pandas as pd
data = [['Alex',10],['Bob',12],['Clarke',13]]
df = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=['Name','Age'])
print(df)
Name Age
0 Alex 10
1 Bob 12
2 Clarke 13
import pandas as pd
data = [['Alex',10],['Bob',12],['Clarke',13]]
df = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=['Name','Age'],dtype=float)
print(df)
Name Age
0 Alex 10.0
1 Bob 12.0
2 Clarke 13.0
import pandas as pd
data = {'Name':['Tom', 'Jack', 'Steve', 'Ricky'],'Age':[28,34,29,42]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=['rank1','rank2','rank3','rank4'])
print(df)
Age Name
rank1 28 Tom
rank2 34 Jack
rank3 29 Steve
rank4 42 Ricky
import pandas as pd
data = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2},{'a': 5, 'b': 10, 'c': 20}]
df1 = pd.DataFrame(data, index=['first', 'second'], columns=['a', 'b'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(data, index=['first', 'second'], columns=['a', 'b1'])
print(df1)
print(df2)
#df2输出
a b
first 1 2
second 5 10
#df1输出
a b1
first 1 NaN
second 5 NaN
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df)
one two
a 1.0 1
b 2.0 2
c 3.0 3
d NaN 4
读取
import pandas as pd
#需要注意文件的路径
df=pd.read_csv("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/person.csv",encoding="gbk")#读取的文件有中文时要加入最后这个
print (df)
ID Name Age City Salary
0 1 Jack 28 Beijing 22000
1 2 Lida 32 Shanghai 19000
2 3 John 43 Shenzhen 12000
3 4 Helen 38 Hengshui 3500
import pandas as pd
#读取excel数据
df = pd.read_excel('website.xlsx',index_col='name',skiprows=[2])
#处理未命名列
df.columns = df.columns.str.replace('Unnamed.*', 'col_label')
print(df)
col_label rank language agelimit
name
编程帮 0 1 PHP www.bianchneg.com
微学苑 2 3 PHP www.weixueyuan.com
92python 3 4 Python www.92python.com
读取前三列
import pandas as pd
#读取excel数据
#index_col选择前两列作为索引列
#选择前三列数据，name列作为行索引
df = pd.read_excel('website.xlsx',index_col='name',index_col=[0,1],usecols=[1,2,3])
#处理未命名列，固定用法
df.columns = df.columns.str.replace('Unnamed.*', 'col_label')
print(df)
language
name rank
编程帮 1 PHP
c语言中文网 2 C
微学苑 3 PHP
92python 4 Python
索引
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df ['one'])
a 1.0
b 2.0
c 3.0
d NaN
Name: one, dtype: float64
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.loc['b'])
one 2.0two 2.0Name: b, dtype: float64
添加，删除
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
#使用df['列']=值，插入新的数据列
df['three']=pd.Series([10,20,30],index=['a','b','c'])
print(df)
#将已经存在的数据列做相加运算
df['four']=df['one']+df['three']
print(df)
使用列索引创建新数据列:
one two three
a 1.0 1 10.0
b 2.0 2 20.0
c 3.0 3 30.0
d NaN 4 NaN
已存在的数据列做算术运算：
one two three four
a 1.0 1 10.0 11.0
b 2.0 2 20.0 22.0
c 3.0 3 30.0 33.0
d NaN 4 NaN NaN
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print (df.iloc[2]）
one 3.0
two 3.0
Name: c, dtype: float64
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
#左闭右开
print(df[2:4])
one two
c 3.0 3
d NaN 4
import pandas as pd
info=[['Jack',18],['Helen',19],['John',17]]
df=pd.DataFrame(info,columns=['name','age'])
print(df)
#注意是column参数
#数值1代表插入到columns列表的索引位置
df.insert(1,column='score',value=[91,90,75])
print(df)
添加前：
name age
0 Jack 18
1 Helen 19
2 John 17
添加后：
name score age
0 Jack 91 18
1 Helen 90 19
2 John 75 17
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']),
'three' : pd.Series([10,20,30], index=['a','b','c'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our dataframe is:")
print(df)
#使用del删除
del df['one']
print(df)
#使用pop方法删除
df.pop('two')
print (df)
原DataFrame:
one three two
a 1.0 10.0 1
b 2.0 20.0 2
c 3.0 30.0 3
d NaN NaN 4
使用del删除 first:
three two
a 10.0 1
b 20.0 2
c 30.0 3
d NaN 4
使用 pop()删除:
three
a 10.0
b 20.0
c 30.0
d NaN
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns = ['a','b'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame([[5, 6], [7, 8]], columns = ['a','b'])
#在行末追加新数据行
df = df.append(df2)
print(df)
a b
0 1 2
1 3 4
0 5 6
1 7 8
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns = ['a','b'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame([[5, 6], [7, 8]], columns = ['a','b'])
df = df.append(df2)
print(df)
#注意此处调用了drop()方法
df = df.drop(0)
print (df)
执行drop(0)前：
a b
0 1 2
1 3 4
0 5 6
1 7 8
执行drop(0)后：
a b
1 3 4
1 7 8
求值
sum()和
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#创建字典型series结构
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
#默认axis=0或者使用sum("index")
print(df.sum())
Name 小明小亮小红小华老赵小曹小陈老李老王小冯小何老张
Age 382
Rating 44.92
dtype: object
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
#也可使用sum("columns")或sum(1)
print(df.sum(axis=1))
0 29.23
1 29.24
2 28.98
3 25.56
4 33.20
5 33.60
6 26.80
7 37.78
8 42.98
9 34.80
10 55.10
11 49.65
dtype: float64
mean()平均值
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.mean())
Age 31.833333
Rating 3.743333
dtype: float64
std()标准差
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,59,19,23,44,40,30,51,54]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.std())
Age 13.976983
Rating 0.661628
dtype: float64
describe()数据汇总
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
#创建DataFrame对象
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
#求出数据的所有描述信息
print(df.describe())
Age Rating
count 12.000000 12.000000
mean 34.916667 3.743333
std 13.976983 0.661628
min 19.000000 2.560000
25% 24.500000 3.230000
50% 28.000000 3.790000
75% 45.750000 4.132500
max 59.000000 4.800000
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,59,19,23,44,40,30,51,54]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.describe(include=["object"]))
Name
count 12
unique 12
top 小红
freq 1
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['小明','小亮','小红','小华','老赵','小曹','小陈',
'老李','老王','小冯','小何','老张']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,59,19,23,44,40,30,51,54]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.describe(include="all"))
Name Age Rating
count 12 12.000000 12.000000
unique 12 NaN NaN
top 小红 NaN NaN
freq 1 NaN NaN
mean NaN 34.916667 3.743333
std NaN 13.976983 0.661628
min NaN 19.000000 2.560000
25% NaN 24.500000 3.230000
50% NaN 28.000000 3.790000
75% NaN 45.750000 4.132500
max NaN 59.000000 4.800000
转化
import pandas as pd
data = {'Name': ['Smith', 'Parker'], 'ID': [101, 102], 'Language': ['Python', 'JavaScript']}
info = pd.DataFrame(data)
print('DataFrame Values:\n', info)
#转换为csv数据
csv_data = info.to_csv()
print('\nCSV String Values:\n', csv_data)
DataFrame:
Name ID Language
0 Smith 101 Python
1 Parker 102 JavaScript
csv数据:
,Name,ID,Language
0,Smith,101,Python
1,Parker,102,JavaScript
import pandas as pd
#注意：pd.NaT表示null缺失数据
data = {'Name': ['Smith', 'Parker'], 'ID': [101, pd.NaT], 'Language': ['Python', 'JavaScript']}
info = pd.DataFrame(data)
csv_data = info.to_csv("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/pandas.csv",sep='|')
import pandas as pd
#创建DataFrame数据
info_website = pd.DataFrame({'name': ['编程帮', 'c语言中文网', '微学苑', '92python'],
'rank': [1, 2, 3, 4],
'language': ['PHP', 'C', 'PHP','Python' ],
'url': ['www.bianchneg.com', 'c.bianchneg.net', 'www.weixueyuan.com','www.92python.com' ]})
#创建ExcelWrite对象
writer = pd.ExcelWriter('website.xlsx')
info_website.to_excel(writer)
writer.save()
print('输出成功')
growby分组
import pandas as pd
sales = pd.read_csv("sales_data.csv")
sales.head()
单列聚合
sales.groupby("store")["stock_qty"].mean()
#输出
store
Daisy 1811.861702
Rose 1677.680000
Violet 14622.406061
Name: stock_qty, dtype: float64
多列聚合
sales.groupby("store")[["stock_qty","price"]].mean()
多列多个聚合
sales.groupby("store")["stock_qty"].agg(["mean", "max"])
sales.groupby("store")[["stock_qty","price"]].agg(["mean", "max"])
命名
sales.groupby("store").agg(
avg_stock_qty = ("stock_qty", "mean"),
max_stock_qty = ("stock_qty", "max")
)
sales.groupby("store").agg(
avg_stock_qty = ("stock_qty", "mean"),
avg_price = ("price", "mean")
)
as_index
sales.groupby("store", as_index=False).agg(
avg_stock_qty = ("stock_qty", "mean"),
avg_price = ("price", "mean")
)
sales.groupby(["store","product_group"], as_index=False).agg(
avg_sales = ("last_week_sales", "mean")
).head()
sort_values
sales.groupby(["store","product_group"], as_index=False).agg( avg_sales = ("last_week_sales", "mean")
).sort_values(by="avg_sales", ascending=False).head()
sales.groupby(["store","product_group"], as_index=False).agg( avg_sales = ("last_week_sales", "mean")
).sort_values(by="avg_sales", ascending=False).head()
nlargest
sales.groupby("store")["last_week_sales"].nlargest(2)
store
Daisy 413 1883
231 947
Rose 948 883
263 623
Violet 991 3222
339 2690
Name: last_week_sales, dtype: int64
nsmallest
sales.groupby("store")["last_week_sales"].nsmallest(2)
nth
sales_sorted = sales.sort_values(by=["store","last_month_sales"], ascending=False, ignore_index=True)
sales_sorted.groupby("store").nth(4)
sales_sorted.groupby("store").nth(-2)
unique
sales.groupby("store", as_index=False).agg(
unique_values = ("product_code","unique")
)
sales.groupby("store", as_index=False).agg(
number_of_unique_values = ("product_code","nunique")
)
lambda
sales.groupby("store").agg(
total_sales_in_thousands = (
"last_month_sales",
lambda x: round(x.sum() / 1000, 1)
)
)
apply
sales.groupby("store").apply(
lambda x: (x.last_week_sales - x.last_month_sales / 4).mean()
)
store
Daisy 5.094149
Rose 5.326250
Violet 8.965152
dtype: float64
dropna
无dropna
sales.loc[1000] = [None, "PG2", 10000, 120, 64, 96, 15, 53]
sales.groupby("store")["price"].mean()
store
Daisy 69.327426
Rose 60.513700
Violet 67.808727
Name: price, dtype: float64
有dropna
sales.groupby("store", dropna=False)["price"].mean()
store
Daisy 69.327426
Rose 60.513700
Violet 67.808727
NaN 96.000000
Name: price, dtype: float64
ngroups
sales.groupby(["store", "product_group"]).ngroups
18
get_group
aisy_pg1 = sales.groupby(
["store", "product_group"]).get_group(("Daisy","PG1")
)
daisy_pg1.head()
rank
sales["rank"] = sales.groupby("store"["price"].rank(
ascending=False, method="dense"
)
sales.head()
cumsum
import numpy as npdf = pd.DataFrame(
{
"date": pd.date_range(start="2022-08-01", periods=8, freq="D"),
"category": list("AAAABBBB"),
"value": np.random.randint(10, 30, size=8)
}
)
df["cum_sum"] = df.groupby("category")["value"].cumsum()
expanding
df["cum_sum_2"] = df.groupby(
"category"
)["value"].expanding().sum().values
expanding+mean累计平均
df["cum_mean"] = df.groupby(
"category"
)["value"].expanding().mean().values
expand+max
df["current_highest"] = df.groupby(
"category"
)["value"].expanding().max().values
pivot_table()
ind=pd.DatetimeIndex(data01['日期'])
data01=data01.set_index(ind)
#分组
data01['year']=data01['日期'].dt.year
data01['quarter']=data01['日期'].dt.quarter
#统计各个年度/季度中，地区、国家、服务分类的销售额和利润数据
writer = pd.ExcelWriter('result1.1.xlsx')
diqu=data01.pivot_table(['利润','销售额'],index=['year','quarter'],columns='地区',aggfunc=['sum','mean','median'],margins=True)
diqu.to_excel(writer,index=True,sheet_name='年度地区')
gj=data01.pivot_table(['利润','销售额'],index=['year','quarter'],columns='国家',aggfunc=['sum','mean','median'],margins=True)
gj.to_excel(writer,index=True,sheet_name='年度国家')
fw=data01.pivot_table(['利润','销售额'],index=['year','quarter'],columns='服务分类',aggfunc=['sum','mean','median'],margins=True)
fw.to_excel(writer,index=True,sheet_name='年度服务分类')
writer.save()
writer.close()
shift
数据移动
>>> df = pd.DataFrame({"Col1": [10, 20, 15, 30, 45],
"Col2": [13, 23, 18, 33, 48],
"Col3": [17, 27, 22, 37, 52]},
index=pd.date_range("2020-01-01", "2020-01-05"))
>>> df
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 10 13 17
2020-01-02 20 23 27
2020-01-03 15 18 22
2020-01-04 30 33 37
2020-01-05 45 48 52
>>> df.shift(periods=3) # 或df.shift(3)
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 NaN NaN NaN
2020-01-02 NaN NaN NaN
2020-01-03 NaN NaN NaN
2020-01-04 10.0 13.0 17.0
2020-01-05 20.0 23.0 27.0
>>> df.shift(0)
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 10 13 17
2020-01-02 20 23 27
2020-01-03 15 18 22
2020-01-04 30 33 37
2020-01-05 45 48 52
>>> df.shift(1) # 或df.shift()
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 NaN NaN NaN
2020-01-02 10.0 13.0 17.0
2020-01-03 20.0 23.0 27.0
2020-01-04 15.0 18.0 22.0
2020-01-05 30.0 33.0 37.0
# 当前行 减 上一行
>>> df.shift(0) - df.shift(1)
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 NaN NaN NaN
2020-01-02 10.0 10.0 10.0
2020-01-03 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0
2020-01-04 15.0 15.0 15.0
2020-01-05 15.0 15.0 15.0
>>> df.shift(periods=1, axis="columns")
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 NaN 10 13
2020-01-02 NaN 20 23
2020-01-03 NaN 15 18
2020-01-04 NaN 30 33
2020-01-05 NaN 45 48
>>> df.shift(periods=3, fill_value=0)
Col1 Col2 Col3
2020-01-01 0 0 0
2020-01-02 0 0 0
2020-01-03 0 0 0
2020-01-04 10 13 17
2020-01-05 20 23 27
排序
#按照多列排序
print(df.sort_values(by=['最高温度','最低温度'],ascending= True).head(10))
'''
打印：
日期 最高温度 最低温度 天气 风向 风级 空气质量
363 2019/12/30 -5 -12 晴 西北风 4级 优
364 2019/12/31 -3 -10 晴 西北风 1级 优
42 2019/2/12 -3 -8 小雪~多云 东北风 2级 优
44 2019/2/14 -3 -6 小雪~多云 东南风 2级 良
14 2019/1/15 -2 -10 晴 西北风 3级 良
37 2019/2/7 -2 -7 多云 东北风 3级 优
38 2019/2/8 -1 -7 多云 西南风 2级 优
4 2019/1/5 0 -8 多云 东北风 2级 优
39 2019/2/9 0 -8 多云 东北风 2级 优
40 2019/2/10 0 -8 多云 东南风 1级 优
print(df.sort_values(by=['最高温度','最低温度'],ascending= False).head(10))
'''
打印：
日期 最高温度 最低温度 天气 风向 风级 空气质量
184 2019/7/4 38 25 晴~多云 西南风 2级 良
206 2019/7/26 37 27 晴 西南风 2级 良
142 2019/5/23 37 21 晴 东南风 2级 良
201 2019/7/21 36 27 晴~多云 西南风 2级 轻度污染
204 2019/7/24 36 27 多云~雷阵雨 西南风 2级 良
207 2019/7/27 36 27 多云 东南风 2级 轻度污染
174 2019/6/24 36 24 多云 东南风 2级 良
175 2019/6/25 36 24 多云 东南风 2级 良
183 2019/7/3 36 24 晴 东南风 1级 良
170 2019/6/20 36 23 多云~晴 东南风 2级 轻度污染
print(df.sort_values(by=['最高温度','最低温度'],ascending= [True,False]).head(10))
'''
打印：
日期 最高温度 最低温度 天气 风向 风级 空气质量
363 2019/12/30 -5 -12 晴 西北风 4级 优
44 2019/2/14 -3 -6 小雪~多云 东南风 2级 良
42 2019/2/12 -3 -8 小雪~多云 东北风 2级 优
364 2019/12/31 -3 -10 晴 西北风 1级 优
37 2019/2/7 -2 -7 多云 东北风 3级 优
14 2019/1/15 -2 -10 晴 西北风 3级 良
38 2019/2/8 -1 -7 多云 西南风 2级 优
4 2019/1/5 0 -8 多云 东北风 2级 优
39 2019/2/9 0 -8 多云 东北风 2级 优
40 2019/2/10 0 -8 多云 东南风 1级 优
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