会员购项目面试题解析：高效数据抓取与异常处理

会员购项目

亮点

• 日志记录信息
• 协程异步抓取数据，大大提高抓取速度
• 捕获异常，并添加重试机制

源码

import logging
import time

import requests
import asyncio
import aiohttp
from aiohttp import ContentTypeError
import csv

# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s : %(message)s')


# 解析数据
def parse_data(data):
    if data:
        for meeting in data:
            project_id = meeting['project_id']
            project_name = meeting['project_name']
            start_time = meeting['start_time']
            venue_name = meeting['venue_name']
            price_low = meeting['price_low'] / 100
            price_high = meeting['price_high'] / 100
            yield {
                'project_id': project_id,
                'project_name': project_name,
                'start_time': start_time,
                'venue_name': venue_name,
                'price_low': price_low,
                'price_high': price_high
            }


# 保存至csv文件中
def save_file(city_info, city_id):
    if city_info:
        with open(f'{city_id}.csv', 'a+', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            writer = csv.writer(f)

            writer.writerow([f'{city_info["project_id"]}', f'{city_info["project_name"]}', f'{city_info["start_time"]}',
                             f'{city_info["venue_name"]}', f'{city_info["price_low"]}', f'{city_info["price_high"]}'])


class Myspider(object):
    types_list = ['演出', '展览', '本地生活']
    cities_id_list = []
    failed_urls = []

    CONCURRENTCY = 4
    RETRY_LIMIT = 3

    def __init__(self):
        self.session = None
        self.semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(Myspider.CONCURRENTCY)

    # 获取城市编号并设置类属性
    @staticmethod
    def set_cities_id():
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/127.0.0.0'}
        cities_data = requests.get("https://show.bilibili.com/api/ticket/city/list?channel=4", headers=headers).json()[
            'data']
        developed_cities_id = [city['id'] for city in cities_data['list']]
        developing_cities_id = [city['id'] for part in cities_data['more'] for city in part['list']]
        Myspider.cities_id_list = developed_cities_id + developing_cities_id
        return None

    # 解决单个任务,爬取相关信息
    async def get_every_page_info(self, url):
        async with self.semaphore:
            logging.info(f"scraping {url}")
            for attempt in range(Myspider.RETRY_LIMIT):
                try:
                    async with self.session.get(url) as response:
                        data = await response.json()
                        return data["data"]["result"]
                except ContentTypeError:
                    logging.info(f"error ocurred when scraping {url}", exc_info=True)
                except aiohttp.ClientError as e:
                    logging.error(f"ClientError on {url}: {e}", exc_info=True)
                    if attempt < Myspider.RETRY_LIMIT - 1:
                        await asyncio.sleep(2 ** attempt)  # Exponential backoff
                        continue
                except aiohttp.ServerDisconnectedError:
                    logging.error(f"Server disconnected: {url}", exc_info=True)
                    if attempt < Myspider.RETRY_LIMIT - 1:
                        await asyncio.sleep(2 ** attempt)
                        continue
            Myspider.failed_urls.append(url)
            return None  # Return None if all retry attempts fail

    # 获取 此分类下 此城市下 最大页数
    def get_max_page(self, url):
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/127.0.0.0'}
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        data = response.json()
        return data["data"]["numPages"]

    # 主方法, 获取任务列表, 开4个协程去抓
    async def main(self):
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/127.0.0.0'}
        # 初始化session（主要加header头信息以及代理，cookie等头信息）
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession(headers=headers) as session:
            self.session = session
            for type in Myspider.types_list:
                for city_id in Myspider.cities_id_list:
                    begin_url = "https://show.bilibili.com/api/ticket/project/listV2?version=134&page=1&pagesize=16&area={}&filter=&platform=web&p_type={}".format(
                        city_id, type)
                    max_page = self.get_max_page(begin_url)
                    # 生成任务列表
                    scrapy_tasks = [self.get_every_page_info(
                        "https://show.bilibili.com/api/ticket/project/listV2?version=134&page={}&pagesize=16&area={}&filter=&platform=web&p_type={}".format(
                            page, city_id, type)) for page in range(1, max_page + 1)]
                    # 并发执行任务,获取执行结果
                    scrapy_results = await asyncio.gather(*scrapy_tasks)
                    # 解析结果数据
                    for result in scrapy_results:
                        data = parse_data(result)
                        for city_info in data:
                            print(city_info)
                            save_file(city_info, city_id)
            # 关闭连接
            await self.session.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 开始时间
    start_time = time.time()
    # 获取城市编号,设置类属性cities_id_list
    Myspider.set_cities_id()
    # 初始化Myspider
    spider = Myspider()
    # 创建事件循环池
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    # 注册
    loop.run_until_complete(spider.main())
    # 结束事件
    end_time = time.time()
    logging.info(f"total_time: {end_time - start_time}")

    # print(spider.get_max_page('https://show.bilibili.com/api/ticket/project/listV2?version=134&page=1&pagesize=16&area=110100&filter=&platform=web&p_type=%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B'))

更多精致内容: [CodeRealm]

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-BB6kKZj6-1722175080359)(https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/e18ac94120d945d28ffc46243559ba96.png#pic_center)]