Python小游戏——打砖块

打砖块游戏项目介绍及实现

项目介绍

打砖块游戏是一款经典的街机游戏，通过控制挡板来反弹小球打碎屏幕上的砖块。该项目使用Python语言和Pygame库进行实现，旨在帮助初学者理解游戏开发的基本概念和实践。

环境配置

在开始实现打砖块游戏之前，需要进行必要的环境配置：

1. 安装Python（推荐使用Python 3.6及以上版本）。
2. 安装Pygame库。可以通过以下指令在命令行或Pycharm终端中安装：

   pip install pygame
   

3. 配置开发环境，推荐使用Pycharm或VSCode进行代码编写和调试。

代码设计思路

整个打砖块游戏分为以下几个部分来设计：

1. 初始化Pygame和屏幕设置： 初始化Pygame库，设置游戏窗口的大小和标题。
2. 定义颜色和游戏元素： 定义游戏中使用的颜色，设置砖块、挡板和小球的属性。
3. 创建砖块： 使用双重循环生成多行多列的砖块，并根据行号设置不同颜色。
4. 游戏主循环： 包含游戏逻辑处理、用户输入处理和屏幕刷新，保证游戏持续运行。
5. 碰撞检测： 实现小球与墙壁、挡板和砖块的碰撞检测逻辑，并作出相应反应。

代码设计详细过程

1. 初始化部分

   import pygame
   import random
   
   # 初始化Pygame
   pygame.init()
   # 设置屏幕尺寸
   SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
   SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
   screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
   pygame.display.set_caption("Breakout Game")
   

2. 定义颜色和游戏元素

   # 颜色定义
   WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
   BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
   RED = (255, 0, 0)
   GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
   BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
   YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
   
   # 砖块设置
   BRICK_WIDTH = 75
   BRICK_HEIGHT = 20
   BRICK_PADDING = 10
   BRICK_ROWS = 6
   BRICK_COLUMNS = 10
   
   # 挡板设置
   PADDLE_WIDTH = 100
   PADDLE_HEIGHT = 10
   PADDLE_SPEED = 6
   
   # 小球设置
   BALL_RADIUS = 10
   BALL_SPEED = 3
   

3. 创建砖块

   bricks = []
   for row in range(BRICK_ROWS):
       for col in range(BRICK_COLUMNS):
           brick_x = col * (BRICK_WIDTH + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
           brick_y = row * (BRICK_HEIGHT + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
           if row < 2:
               color = RED
           elif row < 4:
               color = YELLOW
           elif row < 6:
               color = GREEN
           else:
               color = BLUE
           brick_rect = pygame.Rect(brick_x, brick_y, BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT)
           bricks.append((brick_rect, color))
   

4. 游戏主循环

   # 初始化挡板和小球
   paddle = pygame.Rect((SCREEN_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH) // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - PADDLE_HEIGHT - 10, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)
   ball = pygame.Rect(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)
   ball_dx = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
   ball_dy = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
   
   running = True
   clock = pygame.time.Clock()
   
   while running:
       for event in pygame.event.get():
           if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
               running = False
   
       # 挡板移动
       keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
       if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and paddle.left > 0:
           paddle.left -= PADDLE_SPEED
       if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and paddle.right < SCREEN_WIDTH:
           paddle.right += PADDLE_SPEED
   
       # 小球移动
       ball.x += ball_dx
       ball.y += ball_dy
   
       # 小球与墙壁碰撞检测
       if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= SCREEN_WIDTH:
           ball_dx = -ball_dx
       if ball.top <= 0:
           ball_dy = -ball_dy
       if ball.colliderect(paddle):
           ball_dy = -ball_dy
   
       # 小球与砖块碰撞检测
       for brick in bricks[:]:
           if ball.colliderect(brick[0]):
               bricks.remove(brick)
               ball_dy = -ball_dy
               break
   
       # 小球出界检测
       if ball.bottom >= SCREEN_HEIGHT:
           running = False
   
       # 绘制游戏元素
       screen.fill(BLACK)
       pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, paddle)
       pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, WHITE, ball)
       for brick in bricks:
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, brick[1], brick[0])
   
       pygame.display.flip()
       clock.tick(60)
   
   pygame.quit()
   

难点分析

1. 碰撞检测： 处理小球与砖块的碰撞检测是该项目的难点之一。需要考虑小球与砖块的不同碰撞方向，并正确反弹小球。
2. 游戏主循环： 在游戏主循环中，既要处理用户输入，又要更新游戏状态，还要刷新屏幕显示，确保游戏流畅运行。

源代码

import pygame
import random

# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()

# 屏幕尺寸
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Breakout Game")

# 颜色定义
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)

# 砖块设置
BRICK_WIDTH = 75
BRICK_HEIGHT = 20
BRICK_PADDING = 10
BRICK_ROWS = 6
BRICK_COLUMNS = 10

# 挡板设置
PADDLE_WIDTH = 100
PADDLE_HEIGHT = 10
PADDLE_SPEED = 6

# 小球设置
BALL_RADIUS = 10
BALL_SPEED = 3  # 降低速度

# 创建砖块
bricks = []
for row in range(BRICK_ROWS):
    for col in range(BRICK_COLUMNS):
        brick_x = col * (BRICK_WIDTH + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
        brick_y = row * (BRICK_HEIGHT + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
        if row < 2:
            color = RED
        elif row < 4:
            color = YELLOW
        elif row < 6:
            color = GREEN
        else:
            color = BLUE
        brick_rect = pygame.Rect(brick_x, brick_y, BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT)
        bricks.append((brick_rect, color))

# 挡板
paddle = pygame.Rect((SCREEN_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH) // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - PADDLE_HEIGHT - 10, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

# 小球
ball = pygame.Rect(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)
ball_dx = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
ball_dy = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])

# 游戏循环
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    # 挡板移动
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and paddle.left > 0:
        paddle.left -= PADDLE_SPEED
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and paddle.right < SCREEN_WIDTH:
        paddle.right += PADDLE_SPEED

    # 小球移动
    ball.x += ball_dx
    ball.y += ball_dy

    # 小球与墙壁碰撞检测
    if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= SCREEN_WIDTH:
        ball_dx = -ball_dx
    if ball.top <= 0:
        ball_dy = -ball_dy
    if ball.colliderect(paddle):
        ball_dy = -ball_dy

    # 小球与砖块碰撞检测
    for brick in bricks[:]:
        if ball.colliderect(brick[0]):
            bricks.remove(brick)
            ball_dy = -ball_dy
            break

    # 小球出界检测
    if ball.bottom >= SCREEN_HEIGHT:
        running = False

    # 绘制游戏元素
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, paddle)
    pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, WHITE, ball)
    for brick in bricks:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, brick[1], brick[0])

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()

代码效果