io流/输入输出

常用文件操作

1. 创建文件对象相关构造器和方法

   • new File(String pathname)//根据路径构建一个File对象

     public void create01() {
     	String filePath = "e:\\news1.txt";
     	File file = new File(filePath);
     	try {
     		file.createNewFile();
     		System.out.println("文件创建成功");
     	} catch (IOException e) {
     		e.printStackTrace();
     	}
     }
     

   • new File(File parent,String child) //根据父目录文件+子路径构建

     public void create02() {
     	File parentFile = new File("e:\\");
     	String fileName = "news2.txt";
     
     	File file = new File(parentFile, fileName);
     	try {
     		file.createNewFile();
     		System.out.println("创建成功~");
     	} catch (IOException e) {
     		e.printStackTrace();
     	}
     }
     

   • new File(String parent,String child) //根据父目录+子路径构建

     public void create03() {
         String parentPath = "e:\\";
         String fileName = "news4.txt";
         File file = new File(parentPath, fileName);
         try {
         		file.createNewFile();
         		System.out.println("创建成功~");
         } catch (IOException e) {
         	e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
     

   • createNewFile //创建新文件

   2.获取文件的相关信息

   public void info() {
       File file = new File("e:\\news1.txt");
   
       System.out.println("文件名字=" + file.getName());
       System.out.println("文件绝对路径="+file.getAbsolutePath());
       System.out.println("文件父级目录=" + file.getParent());
       System.out.println("文件大小(字节)=" + file.length());
       System.out.println("文件是否存在=" + file.exists());
       System.out.println("是不是一个文件=" + file.isFile());
   
       }
   }
   

   3.文件的操作和文件删除

   • mkdir( ) //创建一级目录
   • mkdirs( ) //创建多级目录
   • delete( ) //删除空目录或文件

IO流原理及流的分类

1. 按操作数据单位不同分为：字节流（8 bit）二进制文件，字符流（按字符）文本文件

2. 按数据流的流向不同分为：输入流，输出流

3. 按流的角色的不同分为：节点流，处理流/包装流

   抽象基类 字节流	字符流
   输入流 InputStream	Reader
   输出流 OutputStream	Writer

IO流常用的类

• FileInputStream

  /**
  * 单个字节的读取，效率比较低
  */
  public void readFile01() {
      String filePath = "e:\\hello.txt";
      int readData = 0;
      FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
      try {
  
      	fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
  
      	while ((readData = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) 		 {
      		System.out.print((char)readData);
      	}
      } catch (IOException e) {
      	e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
  
      	try {
      		fileInputStream.close();
      	} catch (IOException e) {
      		e.printStackTrace();
      	}
      }
  }
  
  

  /**
  * 使用 read(byte[] b) 读取文件，提高效率
  */
  
  public void readFile02() {
      String filePath = "e:\\hello.txt";
      byte[] buf = new byte[8]; 
      int readLen = 0;
      FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
      try {
  
      	fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
      	while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf))!= -1) 		   {
      		System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, readLen));
      	}
      } catch (IOException e) {
      	e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {. 
      	try {
      		fileInputStream.close();
      	} catch (IOException e) {
      		e.printStackTrace();
  		}
      }
  	
  }
  

• FileOutputStream

  /**
  * 使用 FileOutputStream 将数据写到文件中,
  * 如果该文件不存在，则创建该文件
  */
  public void writeFile() {
      String filePath = "e:\\a.txt";
      FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
      try {
          fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath, true);
          String str = "world!";
          fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes(), 0, 3);
      } catch (IOException e) {
      	e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
      	try {
      		fileOutputStream.close();
  		} catch (IOException e) {
  			e.printStackTrace();
  		}
  	}
  	
  }
  

  public class FileCopy {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          String destFilePath = "e:\\Koala3.jpg";
          FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
          FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
          try {
              fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(srcFilePath);
              fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(destFilePath);
              byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
              int readLen = 0;
              while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
              fileOutputStream.write(buf, 0, readLen);
              }
              System.out.println("拷贝 ok~");
          } catch (IOException e) {
          	e.printStackTrace();
          } finally {
              try {
          		if (fileInputStream != null) {
         				 fileInputStream.close();
          		}
          		if (fileOutputStream != null) {
          			fileOutputStream.close();
          		}
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      }
  }
  

• FileReader&FileWriter

  • FileReader相关方法：

    1. ) new FileReader(File/String)
    2. ) read:每次读取单个字符，返回该字符，如果到文件末尾返回－1
    3. ) read(char[]):批量读取多个字符到数组，返回读取到的字符数，如果到文件末尾返回相关API:
    4. ）new String(char[]):将char[]转换成String
    5. ）new String(char[],off,len):将char[]的指定部分转换成String

  • FileWriter 常用方法

    1. ） new FileWriter(File/String):覆盖模式，相当于流的指针在首端

    2. ）new FileWriter(File/String,true):追加模式，相当于流的指针在尾端

    3. ）write(int):写入单个字符

    4. ） write(char[]):写入指定数组

    5. ） write(char[],off,len):写入指定数组的指定部分

    6. ）write (string):写入整个字符串

    7. ）write(string,off,len):写入字符串的指定部分

       相关API:String类：toCharArray:将String转换成char[]

    注意：

    ​ FileWriter使用后，必须要关闭（close)或刷新（flush),否则写入不到指定的文件！

  • 应用实例

    /**
    * 单个字符读取文件
    */public void readFile01() {
        String filePath = "e:\\story.txt";
        FileReader fileReader = null;
        int data = 0;
        try {
        	fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
        	while ((data = fileReader.read()) != -1) {
        		System.out.print((char) data);
        	}
        } catch (IOException e) {
        		e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
        	try {
        		if (fileReader != null) {
        			fileReader.close();
        		}
        	} catch (IOException e) {
        		e.printStackTrace();
        	}
        }
    }
    /**
    * 字符数组读取文件
    */
    
    public void readFile02() {
        System.out.println("~~~readFile02 ~~~");
        String filePath = "e:\\story.txt";
        FileReader fileReader = null;
        int readLen = 0;
        char[] buf = new char[8];
            try {
        		fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
    
        	while ((readLen = fileReader.read(buf)) != -1) {
        		System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, readLen));
        	}
        } catch (IOException e) {
        	e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
        	try {
        		if (fileReader != null) {
        			fileReader.close();
        		}
        	} catch (IOException e) {
        		e.printStackTrace();
        	}
        }
        
    }
    

    public class FileWriter_ {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filePath = "e:\\note.txt";
    
        FileWriter fileWriter = null;
        char[] chars = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
        try {
        	fileWriter = new FileWriter(filePath);
    
        	fileWriter.write('H');
        	fileWriter.write(chars);
        	fileWriter.write("你好".toCharArray(), 0, 3);
        	fileWriter.write(" 你好北京~");
        	fileWriter.write("风雨之后，定见彩虹");
        	fileWriter.write("上海", 0, 2); 
        } catch (IOException e) {
        	e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
    
        	try {
    
        		fileWriter.close();
        	} catch (IOException e) {
        		e.printStackTrace();
        	}
        }
        System.out.println("程序结束...");
        
    }