(一)学习stm32中断原理和开发编程方法
1.STM32中断的工作原理如下:
中断源:STM32芯片内部或外部的各种外设、模块或传感器都可以作为中断源,当其中的某个事件发生时,会触发相应的中断请求。
中断控制器:STM32芯片内部集成了一个中断控制器(Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller,NVIC),用于管理和分配中断优先级以及处理器的中断向量表。
中断优先级:每个中断源都具有一个优先级,用于确定中断的相对重要性。优先级较高的中断将被优先处理。
中断向量表:中断向量表是一个存储中断处理函数地址的表格,每个中断源都有一个与之对应的中断向量。当中断请求发生时,处理器会根据中断号查找中断向量表,找到相应的中断处理函数的地址,并跳转到该地址开始执行中断服务程序。
中断服务程序:中断服务程序是由用户编写的处理中断事件的代码段。一旦中断被触发,处理器会暂停当前任务,跳转到中断服务程序,执行相应的操作。在中断服务程序执行完毕后,处理器会返回到之前的任务继续执行。
2.用stm32F103核心板的GPIOA端一管脚接一个LED,GPIOB端口一引脚接一个开关(用杜邦线模拟代替)。采用中断模式编程,当开关接高电平时,LED亮灯;接低电平时,LED灭灯。
led.c文件源码如下:
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "LED.h"
void LED_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//定义一个GPIO_InitTypeDef类型的结构体变量
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);//开启GPIOB时钟
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5;//选择PB5所以引脚
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;//设置引脚输出模式为浮空输入
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//设置输出速度为50MHz
GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStructure);//调用初始化库函数初始化GPIOB端口
}
led.h文件
#ifndef __LED_H
#define __LED_H
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
void LED_Init(void);
#endif
exti_key.h文件
#ifndef __EXTI_KEY_H
#define __EXTI_KEY_H
#include "stm32f10x.h"
void EXTI_Key_Init(void);
#endif
exti_key.c文件
#include "exti_key.h"
#include "misc.h"
void EXTI_Key_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOE|RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOE,&GPIO_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI3_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3);
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOE,GPIO_PinSource3);
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line3;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
}
main.c文件源码:
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "led.h"
#include "exti_key.h"
int main(void)
{
LED_Init();
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5);
EXTI_Key_Init();
while(1)
{
}
}
void EXTI3_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line3) != RESET)
{
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5,(BitAction)((1-GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5))));
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3);
}
}
效果图如下:
(二)采用串口中断方式
1.当stm32接收到1个字符“s”时,停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到1个字符“t”时,持续发送“hello windows!”(提示:采用一个全局标量做信号灯。
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "Delay.h"
int send=0;//设置标志位
void hellowindows()
{
if(send==1)
{
int i;
char a [14]={'h','e','l','l','o','w','i','n','d','o','w','s','!',' '};
for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
{
USART_SendData(USART1,a[i]);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}
Delay_s(1);
}
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
{
uint8_t receivedChar = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
if (receivedChar == 's')
{
send = 0;
}
else if (receivedChar == 't')
{
send = 1;
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
// 1,打开时钟---GPIOA(串口1),AFIO
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
// 2,GPIO初始化
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure );
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
// 3,串口初始化
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength= USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits= USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode=USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl=USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
// 配置中断源
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//当USART串口接收到数据的时候,就触发USART中断
// 4.给这个中断源配置相应的抢占优先级和执行优先级
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //设置抢占(主)优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3; // 设置子优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
// 5,使能串口
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
while(1)
{
hellowindows();
}
}
效果图:
2.当stm32接收到字符“stop stm32!”时,停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到字符“go stm32!”时,持续发送“hello windows!”(提示:要将接收到的连续字符保存到一个字符数组里,进行判别匹配。写一个接收字符串的函数
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "Delay.h"
int send=0;//全局变量,记录状态
int count=0;//全局变量,表示缓冲区的数组的下标
char receive_data[11];//接收缓存区
void receive_data_init()//接收缓存区初始化
{
count=0;
for(int i=0;i<11;i++)
{
receive_data[i]=0;
}
}
void hellowindows()
{
if(send==1)//当send为1,输出hellowindows!
{
int i;
char a [14]={'h','e','l','l','o','w','i','n','d','o','w','s','!',' '};
for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
{
USART_SendData(USART1,a[i]);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}
Delay_s(1);//延时1s
}
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)//中断函数,接收数据存入接收缓冲区
{
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)//判断中断是接收数据中断
{
receive_data[count]= USART_ReceiveData(USART1); //接收字符
count++;
}
}
int main(void)
{
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
// 1,打开时钟---GPIOA(串口1),AFIO
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
// 2,GPIO初始化
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure );
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
// 3,串口初始化
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength= USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits= USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode=USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl=USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
// 配置中断源
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//当USART串口接收到数据的时候,就触发USART中断
// 4.给这个中断源配置相应的抢占优先级和执行优先级
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //设置抢占(主)优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3; // 设置子优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
// 5,使能串口
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
//-----------------------------------------------(同上)---------------------------------------------------
receive_data_init();//初始化接收缓存区
while(1)
{
hellowindows();
if ( strcmp(receive_data,"stop stm32!")==0)
{
send = 0;//结束发送
receive_data_init();
}
else if (strcmp(receive_data,"go stm32!")==0)
{
send = 1;//发送数据
receive_data_init();//重新初始化接收缓存区,以便下次接收数据
}
}
}
效果图: