Linux下的进程类别（内核线程、轻量级进程和用户进程）以及其创建方式

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虽然我们在区分Linux进程类别, 但是我还是想说Linux下只有一种类型的进程，那就是task_struct，当然我也想说linux其实也没有线程的概念, 只是将那些与其他进程共享资源的进程称之为线程。

1. 一个进程由于其运行空间的不同, 从而有内核线程和用户进程的区分, 内核线程运行在内核空间, 之所以称之为线程是因为它没有虚拟地址空间, 只能访问内核的代码和数据, 而用户进程则运行在用户空间, 但是可以通过中断, 系统调用等方式从用户态陷入内核态。
2. 用户进程运行在用户空间上, 而一些通过共享资源实现的一组进程我们称之为线程组, Linux下内核其实本质上没有线程的概念, Linux下线程其实上是与其他进程共享某些资源的进程而已。但是我们习惯上还是称他们为线程或者轻量级进程

因此, Linux上进程分3种，内核线程（或者叫核心进程）、用户进程、用户线程, 当然如果更严谨的，你也可以认为用户进程和用户线程都是用户进程。

关于轻量级进程这个概念, 其实并不等价于线程
不同的操作系统中依据其实现的不同, 轻量级进程其实是一个不一样的概念
详细信息参见 维基百科-LWP轻量级进程
In computer operating systems, a light-weight process (LWP) is a means of achieving multitasking. In the traditional meaning of the term, as used in Unix System V and Solaris, a LWP runs in user space on top of a single kernel thread and shares its address space and system resources with other LWPs within the same process. Multiple user level threads, managed by a thread library, can be placed on top of one or many LWPs - allowing multitasking to be done at the user level, which can have some performance benefits.[1]
In some operating systems there is no separate LWP layer between kernel threads and user threads. This means that user threads are implemented directly on top of kernel threads. In those contexts, the term “light-weight process” typically refers to kernel threads and the term “threads” can refer to user threads.[2] On Linux, user threads are implemented by allowing certain processes to share resources, which sometimes leads to these processes to be called “light weight processes”.[3][4] Similarly, in SunOS version 4 onwards (prior to Solaris) “light weight process” referred to user threads.

进程与线程

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