根据下面题目要求,完成实验
实验要求:
除R5的环回5.5.5.0环回外,其他所有的环回均可互相访问
实验步骤:
1.配置IP地址
2.完成各个AS内部的通信
3.建邻
4.BGP路由宣告
5.三个选路问题
6.测试
绘制实验拓扑图
1.配置IP地址:
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
Aug 10 2023 19:26:22-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
Aug 10 2023 19:27:31-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.1.1.1 24
Aug 10 2023 19:29:27-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 24
Aug 10 2023 19:32:42-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
Aug 10 2023 19:33:51-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 24
Aug 10 2023 19:34:45-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.1.1.1 24
Aug 10 2023 19:35:09-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 54.1.1.1 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Aug 10 2023 19:35:35-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24
Aug 10 2023 19:36:47-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 54.1.1.2 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Aug 10 2023 19:37:10-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[r5]int LoopBack 1
[r5-LoopBack1]ip add 99.1.1.1 24
2.在各个AS实现内部的通信
AS1和AS2配置好IP之后就可以实现通讯,但是AS2需要宣告OSPF
R2
[r2]os
[r2]ospf 1 rou
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]are
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R3
[r3]os
[r3]ospf 1 rou
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]ar
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R4
[r4]os
[r4]ospf 1 rou
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]ar
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
这里以R2举例
3.建邻
(1)R1与R2建邻
R1
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]rou
[r1-bgp]route
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]pe
[r1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as
[r1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
R2
[r2]bg
[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]rou
[r2-bgp]router
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-bgp]p
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 a
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1
查看TCP连接
查看BGP邻居表
(2)AS2内部建立IBGP邻居
使用环回地址作为建邻地址,同时需要修改源IP地址,作为本地的环回地址
--1--R2与R3建立邻居
R2
[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]rou
[r2-bgp]router
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-bgp]p
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 a
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1
[r2-bgp]
<r2>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r2]bg
[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]pe
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 2
[r2-bgp]pe
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 con
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface loo
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R3
[r3]bg
[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]rou
[r3-bgp]router
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-bgp]pe
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 2
[r3-bgp]pe
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 con
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface loo
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
--2--R3与R4建立邻居
R3
[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]pe
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 2
[r3-bgp]pe
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 con
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface loo
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R4
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]rou
[r4-bgp]router
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-bgp]p
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-nu
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 2
[r4-bgp]pe
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 con
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface loo
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0
查看R3的BGP邻居表
--3--R4与R5建立邻居
R4与R5有两条链路相连,建立EBGP邻居时,用环回建立邻居,所以要保证R4与R5的环回正常通讯
使用静态路由的方法实现R4与R5正常通讯:
R4
[r4]ip rou
[r4]ip route-st
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 45.1.1.2
[r4]ip rou
[r4]ip route-st
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 54.1.1.2
R5
[r5]ip rou
[r5]ip route-st
[r5]ip route-static 4.4.4.0 24 45.1.1.1
[r5]ip rou
[r5]ip route-st
[r5]ip route-static 4.4.4.0 24 54.1.1.1
R4
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]pe
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as-number 3
[r4-bgp]pe
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 con
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface lo
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R5
[r5]bgp 3
[r5-bgp]rou
[r5-bgp]router
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-bgp]pe
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 2
[r5-bgp]pe
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 con
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface lo
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
EBGP邻居间,默认TTL值为1,IBGP为255,使用两个EBGP邻居间两个直连的物理接口,但是实际上使用的是环回建立邻居关系,所以需要修改TTL的值为2
R4
[r4-bgp]p
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 eb
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 ebgp-max-hop 2
R5
[r5-bgp]p
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 eb
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ebgp-max-hop 2
查看R5的邻居表
4.BGP宣告
AS1--R1
[r1]bg
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]net
[r1-bgp]network 1.1.1.0 24
[r1-bgp]network 12.1.1.0 24
AS2--R2
[r2]bg
[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]net
[r2-bgp]network 2.2.2.0 24
[r2-bgp]network 12.1.1.0 24
[r2-bgp]net
[r2-bgp]network 23.1.1.0 24
AS2--R3
[r3]bg
[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]net
[r3-bgp]network 3.3.3.0 24
[r3-bgp]network 23.1.1.0 24
[r3-bgp]net
[r3-bgp]network 34.1.1.0 24
[r3-bgp]
AS2--R4
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]ne
[r4-bgp]network 4.4.4.0 24
[r4-bgp]network 34.1.1.0 24
[r4-bgp]net
[r4-bgp]network 45.1.1.0 24
[r4-bgp]net
[r4-bgp]network 54.1.1.0 24
AS3--R5
[r5]bgp 3
[r5-bgp]net
[r5-bgp]network 5.5.5.0 24
[r5-bgp]network 45.1.1.0 24
[r5-bgp]net
[r5-bgp]network 54.1.1.0 24
查看R1
5.选路问题
1)这时查看R4BGP路由表,发现R4学习不到R2的路由,由于IBGP的水平分割
需要R2给R4单独建立IBGP
R2
[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]pe
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ad
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-nu
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 2
[r2-bgp]pe
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 con
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface lp
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface lo
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R4
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]pe
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 ad-nu
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-nu
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 2
[r4-bgp]p
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 con
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface lo
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
2)R3学习到R1/R5路由不优
需要将R2与R4将路由条目传递给下一个邻居时,修改下一跳为本地地址
R2
[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]p
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 ne
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]p
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ne
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local
R4
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]p
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 ne
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local
[r4-bgp]p
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 ne
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local
此时查看R3的BGP路由表
3)悖论
查看R4的BGP表会发现到5环回5.5.5.0不优,此时应该把之前在R4为了和R5建邻的静态修改一下,将原来的24位改为32位即可。
修改命令如下:
[r4]und
[r4]undo ip rou
[r4]undo ip route-st
[r4]undo ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24
[r4]ip rou
[r4]ip route-st
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.5 32 45.1.1.2
[r4]ip rou
[r4]ip route-st
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.5 32 54.1.1.2
此时查看R4的BGP路由表
发现R4到R5/5.5.5.0已经优,因为R4已经学习到R5路由,R123与R4互为邻居关系,所以R123也会学习到R5路由,即R123到R5/5.5.5.0也会优,目的达成。
6.测试
这里以R1为例
到此,实验完成。