Kubernetes精讲之包管理Helm工具

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-13 09:21:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-13 09:21:48 发布

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5.1 在harbor仓库中构建一个公开的项目

一 helm简介

Helm是Kubernetes 应用的包管理工具，主要用来管理 Charts，类似Linux系统的yum。
Helm Chart是用来封装Kubernetes原生应用程序的一系列YAML文件。可以在你部署应用的时候自定义应用程序的一些 Metadata，以便于应用程序的分发。
对于应用发布者而言
通过Helm打包应用、管理应用依赖关系、管理应用版本并发布应用到软件仓库。
对于使用者而言
使用Helm后可以以简单的方式在Kubernetes上查找、安装、升级、回滚、卸载应用程序

二部署helm

2.1 官网与资源

官网： Helm | 快速入门指南

软件资源： https://github.com/helm/helm/releases

2.2部署helm

2.2.1 安装helm

[root@K8s-master ~]# mkdir helm
[root@K8s-master ~]# cd helm/

[root@k8s-master helm]# tar zxf helm-v3.15.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master helm]# ls
helm-v3.15.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz  linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master helm]# cd  linux-amd64/
[root@k8s-master linux-amd64]# ls
helm  LICENSE  README.md
[root@k8s-master linux-amd64]# cp -p helm  /usr/local/bin/

2.2.2 配置helm命令补齐

[root@k8s-master linux-amd64]#  echo "source <(helm completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
[root@k8s-master linux-amd64]# source   ~/.bashrc
[root@k8s-master linux-amd64]# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.15.4", GitCommit:"fa9efb07d9d8debbb4306d72af76a383895aa8c4", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.22.6"}

三 helm常用操作

命令	描述
create	创建一个 chart 并指定名字
dependency	管理 chart 依赖
get	下载一个 release。可用子命令：all、hooks、manifest、notes、values
history	获取 release 历史
install	安装一个 chart
list	列出 release
package	将 chart 目录打包到 chart 存档文件中
pull	从远程仓库中下载 chart 并解压到本地 # helm pull stable/mysql -- untar
repo	添加，列出，移除，更新和索引 chart 仓库。可用子命令：add、index、 list、remove、update
rollback	从之前版本回滚
search	根据关键字搜索 chart。可用子命令：hub、repo
show	查看 chart 详细信息。可用子命令：all、chart、readme、values
status	显示已命名版本的状态
template	本地呈现模板
uninstall	卸载一个 release
upgrade	更新一个 release
version	查看 helm 客户端版本

2.3.1 查询官方应用中心

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm search  hub nginx      #在官方仓库中搜索
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm  search  repo  nginx   #在本地仓库中搜索

2.3.2 管理第三方repo源

阿里云仓库：https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
bitnami仓库： https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
微软仓库：Index of /kubernetes/charts/
官方仓库： https://hub.kubeapps.com/charts/incubator

#添加阿里云仓库,
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo  add aliyun https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
"aliyun" has been added to your repositories

#添加bitnami仓库
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
"bitnami" has been added to your repositories

#查看仓库信息
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo list
NAME    URL
aliyun  https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

#查看仓库存储helm清单
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm search repo  aliyun
NAME                            CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION         #应用名称                         封装版本          软件版本          软件描述                   
aliyun/acs-engine-autoscaler    2.1.3           2.1.1           Scales worker nodes within agent pools           
aliyun/aerospike                0.1.7           v3.14.1.2       A Helm chart for Aerospike in Kubernetes 

#删除第三方存储库
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo list
NAME    URL
aliyun  https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo remove aliyun
"aliyun" has been removed from your repositories
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo list
NAME    URL
bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

2.3.3 helm的使用方法

1 查找chart

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm  search  repo nginx
NAME                                    CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION                              
bitnami/nginx                           18.1.11         1.27.1          NGINX Open Source is a web server that can be a...
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller        11.4.1          1.11.2          NGINX Ingress Controller is an Ingress controll...
bitnami/nginx-intel                     2.1.15          0.4.9           DEPRECATED NGINX Open Source for Intel is a lig...

2 查看chart信息

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm show chart bitnami/nginx
annotations:
  category: Infrastructure
  images: |
    - name: git
      image: docker.io/bitnami/git:2.46.0-debian-12-r0
    - name: nginx
      image: docker.io/bitnami/nginx:1.27.1-debian-12-r2
    - name: nginx-exporter
      image: docker.io/bitnami/nginx-exporter:1.3.0-debian-12-r2
  licenses: Apache-2.0

3 安装chart 包

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm install timinglee bitnami/nginx
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm list
NAME            NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART            APP VERSION
timinglee       default         1               2024-09-10 12:08:12.3165525 +0800 CST   deployed        nginx-18.1.11    1.27.1

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
timinglee-nginx-8598578bcf-qjwwq   1/1     Running   0          41s

#查看项目的发布状态
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm status timinglee
NAME: timinglee
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Sep 10 12:08:12 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: nginx
CHART VERSION: 18.1.11
APP VERSION: 1.27.1


#卸载项目
[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm uninstall timinglee
release "timinglee" uninstalled

[root@k8s-master nginx]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.

[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm list
NAME    NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED STATUS  CHART   APP VERSION

2.3.4 安装项目前预定义项目选项

#拉取项目
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm pull bitnami/nginx

[root@k8s-master helm]# ls
nginx-18.1.11.tgz

[root@k8s-master helm]# tar zxf nginx-18.1.11.tgz

[root@k8s-master helm]# ls
nginx  nginx-18.1.11.tgz

[root@k8s-master helm]# cd nginx/
[root@k8s-master nginx]# ls
Chart.lock  charts  Chart.yaml  README.md  templates  values.schema.json  values.yaml

[root@k8s-master nginx]# ls templates/              #项目模板
deployment.yaml      hpa.yaml                 NOTES.txt                    serviceaccount.yaml
extra-list.yaml      ingress-tls-secret.yaml  pdb.yaml                     servicemonitor.yaml
health-ingress.yaml  ingress.yaml             prometheusrules.yaml         svc.yaml
_helpers.tpl         networkpolicy.yaml       server-block-configmap.yaml  tls-secret.yaml

[root@k8s-master nginx]# vim values.yaml            #项目变量文件
  13   imageRegistry: "reg.harbor.org"
  

#上传项目所需要镜像到仓库
[root@K8s-master helm]# docker load -i nginx-1.27.1-debian-12-r2.tar 
30f5b1069b7f: Loading layer  190.1MB/190.1MB
Loaded image: bitnami/nginx:1.27.1-debian-12-r2

[root@K8s-master helm]# docker tag bitnami/nginx:1.27.1-debian-12-r2 reg.harbor.org/bitnami/nginx:1.27.1-debian-12-r2

[root@K8s-master helm]# docker push reg.harbor.org/bitnami/nginx:1.27.1-debian-12-r2
The push refers to repository [reg.harbor.org/bitnami/nginx]
30f5b1069b7f: Pushed 
1.27.1-debian-12-r2: digest: sha256:6825a4d52b84873dd08c26d38dccce3d78d4d9f470b7555afdc4edfb4de7e595 size: 529



#安装本地项目
[root@K8s-master nginx]# pwd
/root/helm/nginx
[root@K8s-master nginx]# helm install zhang /root/helm/nginx
NAME: zhang
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Sep 11 11:47:33 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: nginx
CHART VERSION: 18.1.11
APP VERSION: 1.27.1


[root@K8s-master nginx]# kubectl get svc
NAME          TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
kubernetes    ClusterIP      10.96.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                      10h
zhang-nginx   LoadBalancer   10.98.48.25   <pending>     80:31015/TCP,443:30546/TCP   12s

[root@K8s-master nginx]# kubectl get  pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
zhang-nginx-b869d78bf-ps78b   1/1     Running   0          57s



#更新项目
[root@k8s-master nginx]# vim values.yaml            #更新变量文件
624   type: ClusterIP
751   enabled: true
763   hostname: myapp.timinglee.org
783   ingressClassName: "nginx"

[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm upgrade timinglee .   
Release "timinglee" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
NAME: timinglee
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Sep 10 15:31:19 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 2
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: nginx
CHART VERSION: 18.1.11
APP VERSION: 1.27.1

[root@k8s-master nginx]# kubectl get svc
NAME              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
kubernetes        ClusterIP   10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP          6d21h
timinglee-nginx   ClusterIP   10.107.92.71   <none>        80/TCP,443/TCP   7m34s

[root@k8s-master nginx]# kubectl get ingress
NAME              CLASS   HOSTS                 ADDRESS         PORTS   AGE
timinglee-nginx   nginx   myapp.timinglee.org   172.25.254.20   80      68s

[root@k8s-master nginx]# curl  myapp.timinglee.org
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>


#查看历史
[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm  history  timinglee
REVISION        UPDATED                         STATUS          CHART           APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
1               Tue Sep 10 15:24:40 2024        superseded      nginx-18.1.11   1.27.1          Install complete
2               Tue Sep 10 15:31:19 2024        deployed        nginx-18.1.11   1.27.1   

#删除项目
[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm  uninstall timinglee
release "timinglee" uninstalled
[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm  list
NAME    NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED STATUS  CHART   APP VERSION

四构建helm中的chart包

4.1 Helm Chart目录结构


[root@K8s-master helm]# helm create zhang
Creating zhang
[root@K8s-master helm]# tree zhang
zhang/
├── charts							#目录里存放这个chart依赖的所有子chart。
├── Chart.yaml						#用于描述这个 Chart 的基本信息
									#包括名字、描述信息以及版本等。

├── templates						#目录里面存放所有 yaml 模板文件。
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   ├── _helpers.tpl				#放置模板助手的地方，可以在整个 chart 中重复使用
│   ├── hpa.yaml
│   ├── ingress.yaml
│   ├── NOTES.txt
│   ├── serviceaccount.yaml
│   ├── service.yaml
│   └── tests
│       └── test-connection.yaml
└── values.yaml						#用于存储 templates 目录中模板文件中用到变量的值。

3 directories, 10 files

4.2 构建方法

[root@K8s-master helm]# cd zhang/
[root@K8s-master zhang]# vim Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
name: zhang
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
type: application
version: 0.1.0      #项目版本
appVersion: "v1"    #软件版本

[root@K8s-master zhang]# vim values.yaml
image:
  repository: myapp
  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  tag: "v1"
ingress:
  enabled: true
  className: "nginx"
  annotations: {}
    # kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    # kubernetes.io/tls-acme: "true"
  hosts:
    - host: myapp.zhang.org
      paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: ImplementationSpecific

#语法检测
[root@K8s-master zhang]# helm lint .
==> Linting .
[INFO] Chart.yaml: icon is recommended

1 chart(s) linted, 0 chart(s) failed

#项目打包
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm package zhang/
Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/zhang-0.1.0.tgz

#项目可以通过各种分享方式发方为任何人后部署即可
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm install  zhang zhang-0.1.0.tgz
NAME: zhang
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Sep 11 23:28:57 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
  export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=zhang,app.kubernetes.io/instance=zhang" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  export CONTAINER_PORT=$(kubectl get pod --namespace default $POD_NAME -o jsonpath="{.spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort}")
  echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
  kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:$CONTAINER_PORT

[root@K8s-master helm]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
zhang-7fc7c869c5-2hkmw   1/1     Running   0          19s

[root@k8s-master timinglee]# vim Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
name: timinglee
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
type: application
version: 0.1.0				#项目版本
appVersion: "v1"			#软件版本

[root@k8s-master timinglee]# vim values.yaml
image:
  repository: myapp
  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  tag: "v1"
ingress:
  enabled: true
  className: "nginx"
  annotations: {}
    # kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    # kubernetes.io/tls-acme: "true"
  hosts:
    - host: myapp.zhang.org
      paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: ImplementationSpecific

#语法检测
[root@k8s-master timinglee]# helm lint .
==> Linting .
[INFO] Chart.yaml: icon is recommended

1 chart(s) linted, 0 chart(s) failed

#项目打包
[root@k8s-master timinglee]# cd ..
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm package timinglee/
Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/timinglee-0.1.0.tgz

[root@k8s-master helm]# ls
timinglee  timinglee-0.1.0.tgz


#项目可以通过各种分享方式发方为任何人后部署即可
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm install  timinglee timinglee-0.1.0.tgz
NAME: timinglee
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Sep 10 15:54:05 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
  http://myapp.timinglee.org/
[root@k8s-master helm]# kubectl get pods
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
timinglee-8889c6bf5-cn257   1/1     Running   0          17s
[root@k8s-master helm]# kubectl get  ingress
NAME        CLASS   HOSTS                 ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
timinglee   nginx   myapp.timinglee.org             80      22s

五构建helm仓库

5.1 在harbor仓库中构建一个公开的项目

5.2 安装helm push插件

官方网址：https://github.com/chartmuseum/helm-push

5.2.1 在线安装

如果网络没问题情况下直接安装即可

[root@k8s-master helm]# dnf install git -y
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm plugin install https://github.com/chartmuseum/helm-push

5.2.2 离线安装

#创建helm plugin的存放目录
[root@k8s-master helm]# mkdir  ~/.local/share/helm/plugins/helm-push -p

#解压push插件包到指定目录
[root@k8s-master helm]# tar zxf helm-push_0.10.4_linux_amd64.tar.gz -C ~/.local/share/helm/plugins/helm-push
[root@k8s-master helm]# ls ~/.local/share/helm/plugins/helm-push
bin  LICENSE  plugin.yaml

#查看helm调用命令是否成功
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm cm-push --help
Helm plugin to push chart package to ChartMuseum

Examples:

  $ helm cm-push mychart-0.1.0.tgz chartmuseum       # push .tgz from "helm package"
  $ helm cm-push . chartmuseum                       # package and push chart directory
  $ helm cm-push . --version="1.2.3" chartmuseum     # override version in Chart.yaml
  $ helm cm-push . https://my.chart.repo.com         # push directly to chart repo URL

5.3 上传项目到仓库

5.3.1 添加仓库

[root@K8s-master helm]# helm repo  add timinglee https://reg.harbor.org/chartrepo/zhang1
#添加仓库时报错，因为我们用的是加密访问
Error: looks like "https://reg.harbor.org/chartrepo/zhang1" is not a valid chart repository or cannot be reached: Get "https://reg.harbor.org/chartrepo/zhang/index.yaml": tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority

#为helm添加证书
[root@K8s-master helm]# cp /etc/docker/certs.d/reg.harbor.org/ca.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/

#更新本地ca认证库
[root@K8s-master helm]# update-ca-trust

#再次添加仓库
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm repo  add zhang https://reg.harbor.org/chartrepo/zhang1
"zhang" has been added to your repositories

5.3.2 上传本地项目

#命令执行格式
helm cm-push <项目名称> <仓库名称> -u admin -p redhat
[root@K8s-master helm]#  helm cm-push zhang-0.1.0.tgz zhang -u admin -p redhat
Pushing zhang-0.1.0.tgz to zhang...
Done.

#查看项目上传情况
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm search  repo zhang		#上传后数据未更新
No results found

#更新仓库
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm repo update zhang
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "zhang" chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈

#再次查看
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm search  repo zhang
NAME       	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                
zhang/zhang	0.1.0        	v1         	A Helm chart for Kubernetes

#安装项目
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm search  repo zhang
NAME       	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                
zhang/zhang	0.1.0        	v1         	A Helm chart for Kubernetes
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm install zhang zhang/zhang
NAME: zhang
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Sep 11 14:50:27 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
  export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=zhang,app.kubernetes.io/instance=zhang" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  export CONTAINER_PORT=$(kubectl get pod --namespace default $POD_NAME -o jsonpath="{.spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort}")
  echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
  kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:$CONTAINER_PORT



[root@K8s-master helm]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP   13h
zhang        ClusterIP   10.104.105.249   <none>        80/TCP    42s
[root@K8s-master helm]# curl 10.104.105.249
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

六 helm的版本迭代

6.1 从新构建新版本项目

[root@k8s-master helm]# vim zhang/Chart.yaml
version: 0.2.0
appVersion: "v2"

[root@k8s-master helm]# vim timinglee/values.yaml
tag: "v2"

[root@K8s-master helm]# helm package zhang
Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/zhang-0.2.0.tgz

6.2 上传项目到helm仓库中

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm cm-push timinglee-0.2.0.tgz timinglee -u admin -p lee
Pushing timinglee-0.2.0.tgz to timinglee...
Done.

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm cm-push timinglee-0.2.0.tgz timinglee -u admin -p lee
Pushing timinglee-0.2.0.tgz to timinglee...
Done.

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo  update timinglee
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "timinglee" chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm search  repo

[root@k8s-master helm]# helm search  repo timinglee -l
NAME                    CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
timinglee/timinglee     0.2.0           v2              A Helm chart for Kubernetes
timinglee/timinglee     0.1.0           v1              A Helm chart for Kubernetes

6.3 更新应用

#1.更新
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm  upgrade  zhang zhang/zhang 
Release "zhang" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
NAME: zhang
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Sep 11 14:57:51 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 2
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
  export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=zhang,app.kubernetes.io/instance=zhang" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  export CONTAINER_PORT=$(kubectl get pod --namespace default $POD_NAME -o jsonpath="{.spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort}")
  echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
  kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:$CONTAINER_PORT

[root@k8s-master helm]# curl  http://myapp.timinglee.org/
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

#显示项目版本
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm  history  zhang
REVISION	UPDATED                 	STATUS    	CHART      	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION     
1       	Wed Sep 11 14:50:27 2024	superseded	zhang-0.1.0	v1         	Install complete
2       	Wed Sep 11 14:57:51 2024	deployed  	zhang-0.2.0	v2         	Upgrade complete


#2.应用回滚
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm  rollback zhang
Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!
[root@K8s-master helm]# helm  history  zhang
REVISION	UPDATED                 	STATUS    	CHART      	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION     
1       	Wed Sep 11 14:50:27 2024	superseded	zhang-0.1.0	v1         	Install complete
2       	Wed Sep 11 14:57:51 2024	superseded	zhang-0.2.0	v2         	Upgrade complete
3       	Wed Sep 11 15:00:20 2024	deployed  	zhang-0.1.0	v1         	Rollback to 1  

[root@K8s-master helm]# kubectl get pod -o wide 
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
zhang-7fc7c869c5-7c7v7   1/1     Running   0          21s   10.224.36.81   k8s-node1   <none>           <none>
[root@K8s-master helm]# curl 10.224.36.81
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

[禾火]

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Kubernetes精讲之包管理Helm工具

Helm是Kubernetes 应用的包管理工具，主要用来管理 Charts，类似Linux系统的yum。Helm Chart是用来封装Kubernetes原生应用程序的一系列YAML文件。可以在你部署应用的时候自定义应用程序的一些 Metadata，以便于应用程序的分发。对于应用发布者而言通过Helm打包应用、管理应用依赖关系、管理应用版本并发布应用到软件仓库。对于使用者而言使用Helm后可以以简单的方式在Kubernetes上查找、安装、升级、回滚、卸载应用程序#拉取项目。
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