ARM条件码与CPSR标志位的关系

在ARM体系中，所有ARM指令均可条件执行，设置了一些条件执行码，但这些条件码对应设置CPSR中的Z, C, N, V标志位：

l           0000 = EQ - Z set (equal)

l           0001 = NE - Z clear (not equal)

l           0010 = CS - C set (unsigned higher or same)

l           0011 = CC - C clear (unsigned lower)

l           0100 = MI - N set (negative)

l           0101 = PL - N clear (positive or zero)

l           0110 = VS - V set (overflow)

l           0111 = VC - V clear (no overflow)

l           1000 = HI - C set and Z clear (unsigned higher)

l           1001 = LS - C clear or Z set (unsigned lower or same)

l           1010 = GE - N set and V set, or N clear and V clear (greater or equal)

l           1011 = LT - N set and V clear, or N clear and V set (less than)

l           1100 = GT - Z clear, and either N set and V set, or N clear and V clear (greater than)

l           1101 = LE - Z set, or N set and V clear, or N clear and V set (less than or equal)

l           1110 = AL - always

l           1111 = NV - never

怎样去理解这些设置呢？拿1001 = LS - C clear or Z set (unsigned lower or same) 来说：

是为什么LS就对应 C clear and Z set。看下面的例子：

MOV R0, #5

MOV R1, #6

CMP R0, R1

MOVLS R2, R0 ; if R0 < R1 则 将小值存入R2中

在这个例子中，MOVLS 能够正确执行的条件C=0 and z=1 成立，是通过CMP设置了，看看reference manual中的CMP设置规则：

C flag:For a subtraction, including the comparison instruction CMP, C is set to 0 if the subtraction produced a borrow (that is, an unsigned underflow), and to 1 otherwise.

Z flag: Is set to 1 if the result of the instruction is zero (which often indicates an equal result from

a comparison), and to 0 otherwise.

         这就不难理解了 LS 与标志位的对应了。下面给出 标志位的设置规则，便于我们从中推导上面每一个例子。

In either case, the new condition code flags (after the instruction has been executed) usually mean:

N Is set to bit 31 of the result of the instruction. If this result is regarded as a two's complement

signed integer, then N = 1 if the result is negative and N = 0 if it is positive or zero.

Z Is set to 1 if the result of the instruction is zero (which often indicates an equal result from

a comparison), and to 0 otherwise.

C Is set in one of four ways:

• For an addition, including the comparison instruction CMN, C is set to 1 if the addition

produced a carry (that is, an unsigned overflow), and to 0 otherwise.

• For a subtraction, including the comparison instruction CMP, C is set to 0 if the

subtraction produced a borrow (that is, an unsigned underflow), and to 1 otherwise.

• For non-addition/subtractions that incorporate a shift operation, C is set to the last bit

shifted out of the value by the shifter.

• For other non-addition/subtractions, C is normally left unchanged (but see the

individual instruction descriptions for any special cases).

V Is set in one of two ways:

• For an addition or subtraction, V is set to 1 if signed overflow occurred, regarding the

operands and result as two's complement signed integers.

• For non-addition/subtractions, V is normally left unchanged (but see the individual

instruction descriptions for any special cases).

 

来看下GT (signed greater)标志位的设置:
 CMP -5, -4 ; 相减为不等于0，为负值，且有下溢出，所以N=1, V=1

 CMP 6,5 ; 相减后值为1（N=0），正值且无下溢（V=0）