介绍
Flux是一种架构思想,专门解决软件的问题。它跟MVC架构是同一类东西,但是更加简单和清晰。
Redux最主要是用作应用状态的管理。简言之,Redux用一个单独的常量状态树(state对象)保存着一整个应用的状态,这个对象不能直接被改变。当一些数据变化了,一个新的对象就会被创建(使用actions和reducers),这样就可以进行数据追踪,实现时光旅行。
安装
npm i redux
一、redux介绍及设计和使用的三大原则
- state以单一对象存储在state对象中
- state只读(每次都返回一个新的对象)
- 使用纯函数reducer执行state更新
二、redux工作流
类似订阅发布模式
componentDidMount() {
store.subscribe(() => {//订阅
console.log("app 中订阅", store.getState())
this.setState({
isShow: store.getState().show
})
})
}
注意:
- 无
store.subscribe()
并不会报错,并且可以定义多个store.subscribe()
,每次执行store.dispatch()
都会遍历所有的store.subscribe()
。 - 如果在页面上直接绑定数据
{store.getState().show}
会页面不会渲染,其原因不是代码错误,而是未刷新DOM元素,众所周知this.setState()
可以刷新DOM。
import React, { useEffect } from 'react'
import store from './store'
export default function Six() {
useEffect(() => {
console.log("create")
store.dispatch({//发布
type: "hide"
})
return () => {
console.log("destory")
store.dispatch({
type: "show"
})
}
}, [])
return (
<div>Six Hello world!!!</div>
)
}
// 1. 引入redux
// 2. createStore(reducer)
import { createStore } from "redux";
const reducer = (prevState = {
show: true
}, action) => {
console.log(action)
let newState = { ...prevState }
switch (action.type) {
case 'hide':
newState.show = false
console.log("aaa")
return newState
case 'show':
newState.show = true
console.log("bbb")
return newState
default:
return prevState
}
}
const store = createStore(reducer)
export default store
**注意:**组件销毁时订阅并不会被销毁,可能会造成每次打开组件时就创建一个订阅,多个订阅执行一个功能,造成了资源的浪费所以,可以在组件销毁时接触订阅。
useEffect(() => {
var unsubscribe = store.subscribe(() => {
console.log("eee")
})
return () => {
// 取消订阅
unsubscribe()
}
}, [])
三、Redux-reducer合并
根据需要把对象
reducer
,拆分为多个reducer对象,例:TabberReducer
、WeatherReducer
,并把它们分别放在多个文件中。最后使用combinReducers()
方法合并。
const TabberReducer = (prevState = {
show: true
}, action) => {
console.log(222)
console.log(action)
let newState = { ...prevState }
switch (action.type) {
case 'hide':
newState.show = false
return newState
case 'show':
newState.show = true
return newState
default:
return prevState
}
}
export default TabberReducer
const WeatherReducer = (prevState = {
name: "weather"
}, action) => {
console.log(111)
console.log(action)
let newState = { ...prevState }
switch (action.type) {
case 'rain':
newState.name = "rain"
return newState
case 'snow':
newState.name = "snow"
return newState
default:
return prevState
}
}
export default WeatherReducer
// 1. 引入redux
// 2. createStore(reducer)
import { combineReducers, createStore } from "redux";
import TabberReducer from "./reducer/TabberReducer";
import WeatherReducer from "./reducer/WeatherReducer";
const reducer = combineReducers({
TabberReducer,
WeatherReducer
})
const store = createStore(reducer)
export default store
**注意:**使用事项
store.getState().WeatherReducer.name // 需要加WeatherReducer
四、redux中间件
在redux里,action仅仅是携带了数据的普通js对象。action creator返回的值是这个action类型的对象。然后通过
store.dispath()
进行分发。同步的情况下一切都很完美,但是redux无法处理异步的情况。那么我们就需要在action和reducer中间架起一座桥梁来处理异步。这就是middleware
1 使用redux-thunk
安装
npm i redux-thunk
(1)在文件store.js中引入并使用中间件
import { applyMiddleware, combineReducers, createStore } from "redux";
import TabberReducer from "./reducer/TabberReducer";
import WeatherReducer from "./reducer/WeatherReducer";
import CityReducer from "./reducer/CityReducer";
import reduxThunk from 'redux-thunk' // 引入中间件
const reducer = combineReducers({
TabberReducer,
WeatherReducer,
CityReducer
})
const store = createStore(reducer, applyMiddleware(reduxThunk)) //使用redux自带的方法applyMiddleware()方法使用中间件
export default store
(2)使用dispatch()方法
**注意:**此次dispatch()
必须接收一个函数。
store.dispatch(getCityAction())
(3)getCityAction()
进行异步请求并返回一个函数
import axios from "axios"
function getCityAction() {
return (dispatch) => {
axios.get("./test.json").then(res => {
console.log(res.data.user)
dispatch({
type: "change-list",
value: res.data.user
})
})
}
}
export default getCityAction
2 使用redux-promise
安装
npm i redux-promise
(1)在文件store.js中引入并使用中间件
// 1. 引入redux
// 2. createStore(reducer)
import { applyMiddleware, combineReducers, createStore } from "redux";
import TabberReducer from "./reducer/TabberReducer";
import WeatherReducer from "./reducer/WeatherReducer";
import CityReducer from "./reducer/CityReducer";
import reduxThunk from 'redux-thunk'
import reduxPromise from 'redux-promise'
const reducer = combineReducers({
TabberReducer,
WeatherReducer,
CityReducer
})
const store = createStore(reducer, applyMiddleware(reduxThunk, reduxPromise))
export default store
(2)异步请求函数改为
import axios from "axios"
function getUserAction() {
return axios.get("./test.json").then(res => {
console.log(res.data.user)
return {
type: "change-list",
value: res.data.user
}
})
}
export default getUserAction
五、redux开发者工具
下载地址
https://github.com/zalmoxisus/redux-devtools-extension
配置文件
// 1. 引入redux
// 2. createStore(reducer)
import { applyMiddleware, combineReducers, createStore, compose } from "redux";// 导入createStore和compose
import TabberReducer from "./reducer/TabberReducer";
import WeatherReducer from "./reducer/WeatherReducer";
import CityReducer from "./reducer/CityReducer";
import reduxThunk from 'redux-thunk'
import reduxPromise from 'redux-promise'
const reducer = combineReducers({
TabberReducer,
WeatherReducer,
CityReducer
})
const composeEnhancers = window.__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION_COMPOSE__ || compose; // 增加这条语句
const store = createStore(reducer, composeEnhancers(applyMiddleware(reduxThunk, reduxPromise))) // 使用composeEnhancers包裹applyMiddleware
export default store
六、react-redux
安装
npm i react-redux
1 index.js代码
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import { Provider } from "react-redux";//导入Provider
import App from './view/Five/App'
import './index.scss'
import store from './view/Five/store'//导入store,在跟组件中导入后,其他所有组件都无需再导入
ReactDOM.render(
<Provider store={store}>
<App />
</Provider>
, document.getElementById("root"))
2 使用connect
connect()
可接收两个参数,(将来给孩子传的属性,将来给孩子传的回调函数)
可发现不再需要订阅
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import IndexRouter from './IndexRouter'
import Tabber from './tabber'
class App extends Component {
state = {
isShow: true
}
componentDidMount() {
console.log(this.props)//一号输出结果
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<IndexRouter>
{this.state.isShow ? <Tabber></Tabber> : ""}
</IndexRouter>
</div>
)
}
}
export default connect((state) => {
console.log(state)//二号输出结果
return {
a: 1,
b: 1
}
})(App)
一号输出结果
二号输出结果
import React, { useEffect } from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
function Six(props) {
let { show, hide, match } = props
useEffect(() => {
console.log("create")
console.log(props) // 三号输出
hide()
return () => {
console.log("destory")
show()
}
}, [show, hide, match.params.myid])
return (
<div>Six Hello world!!!</div>
)
}
export default connect(null, {
hide() {
return {
type: "hide",
}
},
show() {
return {
type: "show"
}
}
})(Six)
三号输出结果
(1)HOC与context通信在react-redux底层中的应用
- connect是HOC,高阶组件
- Provider组件,可以让容器组件拿到state,使用了context
(2)高阶组件构建与应用
HOC不仅仅是一个方法,确切说应该是一个组件工厂,获取低阶组件,生成高阶组件。
- 代码复用,代码模块化
- 增删改props
- 渲染劫持
七、redux-persist
地址
https://github.com/rt2zz/redux-persist
安装
npm i redux-persist
(1)配置store.js文件
// 1. 引入redux
// 2. createStore(reducer)
import { applyMiddleware, combineReducers, createStore, compose } from "redux";
import TabberReducer from "./reducer/TabberReducer";
import WeatherReducer from "./reducer/WeatherReducer";
import CityReducer from "./reducer/CityReducer";
import reduxThunk from 'redux-thunk'
import reduxPromise from 'redux-promise'
import { persistStore, persistReducer } from 'redux-persist' // 导入
import storage from 'redux-persist/lib/storage' // defaults to localStorage for web
// 导入
const persistConfig = {
key: 'rain',
storage,
whitelist: ['TabberReducer']// 白名单
}
const reducer = combineReducers({
TabberReducer,
WeatherReducer,
CityReducer
})
const persistedReducer = persistReducer(persistConfig, reducer)
const composeEnhancers = window.__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION_COMPOSE__ || compose;
const store = createStore(persistedReducer, composeEnhancers(applyMiddleware(reduxThunk, reduxPromise)))
let persistor = persistStore(store)
export { store, persistor }// 导出 store 和 persistor
(2)配置根组件
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import { Provider } from "react-redux";
import App from './view/Five/App'
import './index.scss'
import { store, persistor } from './view/Five/store' // 导入
import { PersistGate } from "redux-persist/integration/react"; // 导入
// 使用PersistGate包裹
ReactDOM.render(
<Provider store={store}>
<PersistGate loading={null} persistor={persistor}>
<App />
</PersistGate>
</Provider>
, document.getElementById("root"))
运行结果发现,网页自动把store内容存在了网页的Local Storage中
未配置白名单效果:
配置白名单后效果:
还可以配置黑名单