spark on yarn运行产生缺jar包错误及解决办法

1、本地运行出错及解决办法

当运行如下命令时：

./bin/spark-submit \
  --class org.apache.spark.examples.mllib.JavaALS \
  --master local[*] \
  /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-5.1.2-1.cdh5.1.2.p0.3/lib/hadoop-yarn/lib/spark-examples_2.10-1.0.0-cdh5.1.2.jar \
  /user/data/netflix_rating 10 10 /user/data/result

会出现如下错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: No FileSystem for scheme: hdfs
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.getWorkingDirectory(JobConf.java:657)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(FileInputFormat.java:389)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(FileInputFormat.java:362)
        at org.apache.spark.SparkContext$$anonfun$22.apply(SparkContext.scala:546)
        at org.apache.spark.SparkContext$$anonfun$22.apply(SparkContext.scala:546)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.HadoopRDD$$anonfun$getJobConf$1.apply(HadoopRDD.scala:145)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.HadoopRDD$$anonfun$getJobConf$1.apply(HadoopRDD.scala:145)
        at scala.Option.map(Option.scala:145)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.HadoopRDD.getJobConf(HadoopRDD.scala:145)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.HadoopRDD.getPartitions(HadoopRDD.scala:168)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:204)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:202)
        at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:120)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:202)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.MappedRDD.getPartitions(MappedRDD.scala:28)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:204)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:202)
        at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:120)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:202)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.MappedRDD.getPartitions(MappedRDD.scala:28)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:204)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:202)
        at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:120)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:202)
        at org.apac