一、 operator new的三种形式:
operator new有三种形式:
throwing (1) | void* operator new (std::size_t size) throw (std::bad_alloc);
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nothrow (2) | void* operator new (std::size_t size, const std::nothrow_t& nothrow_value) throw();
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placement (3) | void* operator new (std::size_t size, void* ptr) throw(); |
(1)(2)的区别仅是是否抛出异常,当分配失败时,前者会抛出bad_alloc异常,后者返回null,不会抛出异常。它们都分配一个固定大小的连续内存。
new operator/delete operator就是new和delete操作符,而operator new/operator delete是函数。
new operator
(1)调用operator new分配足够的空间,并调用相关对象的构造函数
(2)不可以被重载
operator new
(1)只分配所要求的空间,不调用相关对象的构造函数。当无法满足所要求分配的空间时,则
->如果有new_handler,则调用new_handler,否则
->如果没要求不抛出异常(以nothrow参数表达),则执行bad_alloc异常,否则
->返回0
(2)可以被重载
(3)重载时,返回类型必须声明为void*
(4)重载时,第一个参数类型必须为表达要求分配空间的大小(字节),类型为size_t
(5)重载时,可以带其它参数
delete 与 delete operator类似
用法示例:
A* a = new A; //调用throwing(1)
A* a = new(std::nothrow) A; //调用nothrow(2)
(3)是placement new,它也是对operator new的一个重载,定义于<new>中,它多接收一个ptr参数,但它只是简单地返回ptr。
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- void* operator new(size_t size)
- {
- void *p = malloc(size);
- return p;
- }
- void operator delete(void* p)
- {
- free(p);
- }
- void* operator new[](size_t size)
- {
- void *p = malloc(size);
- return p;
- }
- void operator delete[](void* p)
- {
- free(p);
- }
- void* operator new(size_t,int *d,int pos)
- {
- return &d[pos];
- }
- class String
- {
- public:
- String(const char *str = "")
- {
- cout << "Create String Object!" << endl;
- if (str == NULL)
- {
- data = new char[1];
- data[0] = '\0';
- }
- else
- {
- data = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
- strcpy(data,str);
- }
- }
- ~String()
- {
- cout << "Free String Object!" << endl;
- delete[]data;
- data = NULL;
- }
- private:
- char *data;
- };
- void main()
- {
- String *p = new String("Hello");
- delete p;
- // 模拟上面过程
- /*
- String *p =(String *)operator new (sizeof(String));
- new(p)String("Hello");
- p->~String();
- operator delete(p);
- */
- // 不会调用析构函数,会造成内存泄露
- void *ps = new String("Hello");
- delete ps;
- //
- String *q = new String[10];
- delete []q;
- //placement new
- int ar[10];
- new(ar,3)int(10);
- }