C++笔记（二十三）容器之vector

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>

/*
vector是数组的一种类表示方式，提供了自动内存管理，随机访问，可以动态的改变长度。
在尾部添加和删除元素的时间是固定的，在头部和中间添加和删除元素的时间的线性的。
与vector类似的还有deque，deque支持从开始端插入数据：push_front
*/

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;


void test(double d);
bool compare(double a, double b);

int main()
{
    //指定长度
    vector<int> vec(5);
    vec[0] = 9;
    for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << vec[i] << ",";
    }

    cout << endl ;
    //不指定长度
    vector<double> scores;

    //尾部添加元素
    scores.push_back(11.11);
    scores.push_back(22.22);
    scores.push_back(33.33);
    scores.push_back(0.33);

    //迭代器循环
    vector<double>::iterator iter = scores.begin();
    for (;iter != scores.end();iter++)
    {
        cout << *iter << ",";
    }
    cout << endl ;

    //删除尾部元素
    scores.pop_back();

    //简单循环方式1
    for_each(scores.begin(), scores.end(),test); //algorithm头文件中
    //排序
    sort(scores.begin(), scores.end(), compare); //algorithm头文件中
    cout << endl;

    //简单循环方式2
    for (double d : scores) {
        cout << d << ",";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //是否空
    cout << "scores.empty():" << scores.empty() << endl;
    //插入元素
    scores.insert(scores.end(), 5, 44.4);//在尾部添加5个44.4
    for_each(scores.begin(), scores.end(), test);
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

void test(double d) {
    cout << d << ",";
}

bool compare(double a, double b) {
    if (a > b)
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

输出结果：

9,0,0,0,0,
11.11,22.22,33.33,0.33,
11.11,22.22,33.33,
33.33,22.22,11.11,
scores.empty():0
33.33,22.22,11.11,44.4,44.4,44.4,44.4,44.4,