1058. Prime Factors

Prime Factors

Given any positive integer N, you are supposed to find all of its prime factors, and write them in the format N = p1^k1 * p2^k2 *…*pm^km.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which gives a positive integer N in the range of long int.

Output Specification:

Factor N in the format N = p1^k1 * p2^k2 *…*pm^km, where pi’s are prime factors of N in increasing order, and the exponent ki is the number of pi – hence when there is only one pi, ki is 1 and must NOT be printed out.

Sample Input:

97532468

Sample Output:

97532468=2^2*11*17*101*1291

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题意

给出一个int范围的整数，进行质因数分解，质因数按从小到大顺序排列。

思路

利用“筛法”求质因数的原理，按照质数从小到大的顺序(上限为sqrt(n))，依次去除n，直到无法除尽，则每次剩下的n只可能是其他质数的倍数；如果n无法被sqrt(n)以内的质因子除尽，则一定有且仅有一个大于sqrt(n)的质因子。

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代码实现

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>

int facNum = 0;

struct factor
{
	int x, cnt;     // x存储质因子，cnt存储质因子个数
} fac[10];      // 对于int范围整数，最多有10个不同的质因子

void Create_Fac(int n)
{
	int num;        // num记录当前质因子个数
	for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++)
	{
		num = 0;
		while (n % i == 0)
		{
			n /= i;
			num++;
		}
		if (num)        // 质因子个数大于0则记录到数组中
		{
			fac[facNum].x = i;
			fac[facNum].cnt = num;
			facNum++;
		}
	}
	if (n > 1)      // 如果无法被sqrt(n)以内的质因子除尽，则一定有一个大于sqrt(n)的质因子
	{
		fac[facNum].x = n;
		fac[facNum].cnt = 1;
		facNum++;
	}
}

void Print_Fac(int n)
{
	if (n == 0 || n == 1)       // 对于特殊情况的处理
	{
		printf("%d=%d", n, n);
		return;
	}
	printf("%d=", n);
	for (int i = 0; i < facNum; i++)
	{
		if (i > 0)
			printf("*");
		printf("%d", fac[i].x);
		if (fac[i].cnt > 1)
			printf("^%d", fac[i].cnt);
	}
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	Create_Fac(n);
	Print_Fac(n);
	return 0;
}