Tree Traversals
Suppose that all the keys in a binary tree are distinct positive integers. Given the postorder and inorder traversal sequences, you are supposed to output the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (<=30), the total number of nodes in the binary tree. The second line gives the postorder sequence and the third line gives the inorder sequence. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each test case, print in one line the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree. All the numbers in a line must be separated by exactly one space, and there must be no extra space at the end of the line.
Sample Input:
7
2 3 1 5 7 6 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sample Output:
4 1 6 3 5 7 2
题意
给定一棵二叉树的后序遍历序列和中序遍历序列,要求输出该二叉树的层序遍历序列。
思路
由后序序列和中序序列可唯一确定一棵二叉树,其实现步骤可参考 《先序中序后序求二叉树》。
层序遍历的主要步骤如下:
- 根结点root入队;
- 取出队首结点并访问;
- 如果左孩子非空,则将其入队;
- 如果右孩子非空,则将其入队;
- 重复2-4,直到队列为空。
代码实现
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 31;
int post[maxn];
int in[maxn];
struct node
{
int data;
node* lchild;
node* rchild;
};
node* create(int postL, int postR, int inL, int inR) // 由后序和中序重建二叉树
{
if (postL > postR)
return NULL;
node* root = new node;
root->data = post[postR]; // 后序序列最后一个元素即为根节点
int k;
for (k = inL; k <= inR; k++) // 找到 中序序列中的根节点
if (in[k] == post[postR])
break;
int numLeft = k - inL; // 确定左子树个数
root->lchild = create(postL, postL + numLeft - 1, inL, k - 1); // 递归处理左子树
root->rchild = create(postL + numLeft, postR - 1, k + 1, inR); // 递归处理右子树
return root;
}
void levelOrder(node* root) // 层序遍历
{
queue<node*> q;
bool flag = true; // 控制空格输出
q.push(root);
while (!q.empty())
{
node* top = q.front();
q.pop();
if (flag)
flag = false;
else
printf(" ");
printf("%d", top->data);
if (top->lchild != NULL)
q.push(top->lchild); // 非空左孩子入队
if (top->rchild != NULL)
q.push(top->rchild); // 非空右孩子入队
}
}
int main()
{
int n;
scanf("%d", &n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
scanf("%d", &post[i]);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
scanf("%d", &in[i]);
node* root = create(0, n - 1, 0, n - 1);
levelOrder(root);
return 0;
}