Django的那些坑

1.django创建指向同一个模型的多个外键

#源代码

tnum = models.ForeignKey(Teacher, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tname = models.ForeignKey(Teacher, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

这时进行数据迁移时会报错

ERRORS:
entity.DessertationTopic.tname: (fields.E302) Reverse accessor for 'DessertationTopic.tname' clashes with field name 'Teacher.teacher_name'.
        HINT: Rename field 'Teacher.teacher_name', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'DessertationTopic.tname'.
entity.DessertationTopic.tname: (fields.E303) Reverse query name for 'DessertationTopic.tname' clashes with field name 'Teacher.teacher_name'.
        HINT: Rename field 'Teacher.teacher_name', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'DessertationTopic.tname'.
entity.DessertationTopic.tnum: (fields.E302) Reverse accessor for 'DessertationTopic.tnum' clashes with field name 'Teacher.teacher_number'.
        HINT: Rename field 'Teacher.teacher_number', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'DessertationTopic.tnum'.
entity.DessertationTopic.tnum: (fields.E303) Reverse query name for 'DessertationTopic.tnum' clashes with field name 'Teacher.teacher_number'.
        HINT: Rename field 'Teacher.teacher_number', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'DessertationTopic.tnum'.

这是因为指向同一模型的外键反向关联产生了冲突

解决方法：

添加不同的related_name，注意related_name的首个单词一定不可相同，否则会报错

# 修改后的代码

tnum = models.ForeignKey(Teacher, related_name='number_of_teacher', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tname = models.ForeignKey(Teacher, related_name='name_of_teacher', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

2.查看所有表

python manage.py inspectdb

3.数据库迁移错误

在引用外键或增加字段时若出现以下错误：

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'snum' to score without a default; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows with a null value for this column)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
Select an option: 

解决方法：

先为字段添加一个默认值，即设置default=“任意值”
然后执行

python manage.py makemigrations

成功后，将刚刚设置后的default删除，再执行

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

问题解决