最近这一周进入了图的分解相关算法的学习,由于这方面以前做题的经验不多,因此每种算法应该会多做几道题,从最简单的dfs开始,本博文选的两道题:leetcode112、113,正是基于图(二叉树)的深度优先遍历的题。113比112多了一个保存路径的步骤,实际上差别不是特别大!
Path Sum I
原题:Given a binary tree and a sum, determine if the tree has a root-to-leaf path such that adding up all the values along the path equals the given sum.
For example:
Given the below binary tree and sum = 22,
5
/ \
4 8
/ / \
11 13 4
/ \ \
7 2 1
return true, as there exist a root-to-leaf path 5->4->11->2 which sum is 22.
思路:题意是判断是否存在一条从根到叶子的路径,使该路径上所有节点的值的和等于sum。用dfs递归遍历,递归终结的条件是:(1)当root为null时,说明找不到路径,返回false;(2)当root不为null,但root左右节点均为null,即root为叶子结点,并且路径上所有节点和为sum时,返回true。
代码如下:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
bool hasPathSum(TreeNode *root, int sum) {
if (root == NULL)
return false;
else if (root->left == NULL && root->right == NULL && root->val == sum)
return true;
else {
return hasPathSum(root->left, sum-root->val) || hasPathSum(root->right, sum - root->val);
}
}
};
Path Sum II
原题:Given a binary tree and a sum, find all root-to-leaf paths where each path’s sum equals the given sum.
For example:
Given the below binary tree and sum = 22,
5
/ \
4 8
/ / \
11 13 4
/ \ \
7 2 1
return
[
[5,4,11,2],
[5,8,4,5]
]
思路:本题和上题的区别就是找到和为sum的路径,并把路径输出。也是一样的思路,采用递归dfs遍历,唯一的区别是在遍历的过程中用vector保存path,当path符合要求时把vector添加到result中去。如果熟悉c++的vector和递归return的值,此题和上题基本类似。
代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> dfs(TreeNode* root, int sum, vector<vector<int>> res, vector<int> path)
{
if((root->left==NULL)&&(root->right==NULL)){
if(sum==root->val){
path.push_back(root->val);
res.push_back(path);
}
}else{
path.push_back(root->val);
if(root->left!=NULL){
res=dfs(root->left,sum-root->val,res,path);
}
if(root->right!=NULL){
res=dfs(root->right,sum-root->val,res,path);
}
}
return res;
}
vector<vector<int>> pathSum(TreeNode* root, int sum) {
vector<vector<int>> res;
vector<int> path;
if(root==NULL)
return res;
return dfs(root,sum,res,path);
}
};
以上两题用递归写的代码简单且容易理解,但效率不高。一切刚刚开始!