hdu3117（斐波那契数列，矩阵连乘）

Description

The Fibonacci sequence is the sequence of numbers such that every element is equal to the sum of the two previous elements, except for the first two elements f0 and f1 which are respectively zero and one. 

What is the numerical value of the nth Fibonacci number?

 

Input

For each test case, a line will contain an integer i between 0 and 10  ⁸ inclusively, for which you must compute the ith Fibonacci number fi. Fibonacci numbers get large pretty quickly, so whenever the answer has more than 8 digits, output only the first and last 4 digits of the answer, separating the two parts with an ellipsis (“...”). 

There is no special way to denote the end of the of the input, simply stop when the standard input terminates (after the EOF). 

 

Sample Input

    
    

     
     0
1
2
3
4
5
35
36
37
38
39
40
64
65 
    
    

 

Sample Output

    
    

     
     0
1
1
2
3
5
9227465
14930352
24157817
39088169
63245986
1023...4155
1061...7723
1716...7565 
    
    

对于小于等于100000000的斐波那契数我们先打个表呗，这个简单，直接输出~~

对于剩下的斐波那契数：

前4位，推导公式：

首先我们得知道斐波那的契封闭公式：

然后，求一个数的前4位数，怎么办？~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

举个例子:         s=d.xxx*10^(len-4)   (len为s的总位数)   

得到 log10(s)=log10(d.xxx)+len-4

于是       log10(d.xxx)=log10(s)-len+4        

继续推~~得到      d.xxxxxxxxxxx=10^(log10(s)-len+4);

又 s=(1/sqrt(5))*[(1+sqrt(5))/2.0]^n;（这里的s为什么和封闭公式中的不同呢？！想想((1-sqrt(5))2)^n的具体数值该有多么小吧！！是不是可以直接忽略！！！
len=(int)log10(s)+1;

这样d不是就很容易就求出来啦？！

后4位，矩阵连乘:

求矩阵之后只需找到对应的矩阵中的数字就ok啦~

只不过矩阵连乘需要用到二分，和快速幂一样~~；

下面是代码：

#include <iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
int f[40];

struct data
{
    int jz[2][2];
};

data p={0,1,
        1,1};
 data q={1,0,
        0,1};
int jl;
void get()
{
    f[0]=0,f[1]=1;int i;
    for(i=2;;i++)
        {
            f[i]=f[i-1]+f[i-2];
            if(f[i]>=100000000)
            {jl=i-1;break;}
        }
}

int hh(int n)
{
    return pow(10,(log10(1/sqrt(5.0))+n*log10((1+sqrt(5.0))/2.0)-(int)(log10(1/sqrt(5.0))+n*log10((1+sqrt(5.0))/2.0))+3));
}

data jzcf(data a,data b)//矩阵相乘
{
    data c;
    for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
    for(int j=0;j<2;j++)
    {
        c.jz[i][j]=0;
        for(int k=0;k<2;k++)
        c.jz[i][j]+=(a.jz[i][k]*b.jz[k][j])%10000;
        c.jz[i][j]%=10000;
    }
    return c;
}

data quickpow(long long n)//和快速幂类似的矩阵连乘
{
    data m = p, b = q;
    while (n >= 1)
    {
    if (n & 1)
    b = jzcf(b,m);
    n = n >> 1;
    m = jzcf(m,m);
    }
    return b;
}

int main()
{
    long long  n;
    get();
    while(cin>>n)
    {
        if(n<=jl)cout<<f[n]<<endl;
        else
        {
            cout<<hh(n)<<"...";
            data x=quickpow(n);
            printf("%04d\n",x.jz[0][1]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}