docker安装mysql，并映射到数据到本地

1. 安装mysql

https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql?tab=tags
可以到上方地址查看mysql的所有版本，默认下载的最新的版本。tag为latest

docker pull mysql

2.查看镜像信息

docker inspect mysql

会得到如下信息，显示的是镜像的所有信息

[
    {
        "Id": "fda31b21b86da33a38227aa233453e6e10e76112009cc3f694a9152c5dd3ea8c",
        "Created": "2020-09-10T07:16:44.72774931Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "mysqld"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4023,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-09-10T07:16:45.472079944Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:3646af3dc14aa17367bce05b955d29783c394d751c3d9e85eb34bd60f0d76624",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fda31b21b86da33a38227aa233453e6e10e76112009cc3f694a9152c5dd3ea8c/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fda31b21b86da33a38227aa233453e6e10e76112009cc3f694a9152c5dd3ea8c/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fda31b21b86da33a38227aa233453e6e10e76112009cc3f694a9152c5dd3ea8c/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fda31b21b86da33a38227aa233453e6e10e76112009cc3f694a9152c5dd3ea8c/fda31b21b86da33a38227aa233453e6e10e76112009cc3f694a9152c5dd3ea8c-json.log",
        "Name": "/mysql",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/test/mysql:/var/lib/mysql"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c9d34f8297bf1ac80fdd66ecbec1aa74e7cbe913b8dd313efb7abe50572d7269-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/085843cfa59df7eb9a5ce7e96dbb5c05484bd661e34afdcd4c54ce3b3b8fe9e7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae74d5c2abbbd5380975fe17c8d6b9f5554fc8d3fc9c1a19567d4371f7bd08f2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b92c3117f0996f11542f82ff1ab1e897f3926d3f283e5eaf7092d0af3e4f177/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e3ba26e14372700b7da10c4f1ffa294440dd564d9d1d045db1181963f5fec290/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e742cd87b2a5f15c3683a2f9c8f3b1ce78137d3df4ca09770c3bb60976e1ae6e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/78974be15fb6d313ef1b91e3ff355e50bb1bdebfb96f11a2de31cf0e527413de/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8431147c0e55e28c4baddc2f679c9855d283a5a3be5651608f22908b1dde7ae5/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a6d1735c0dc5fe6fadf34bd9222df6ffbf3464ee7db818086ceeee7c396553ce/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d983cdfe8b810f3807e6f68287acc58a8aded308d7ed852c1ba0670ba4e45189/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/75dfd95ca51a4a59c3b545c201f00ff606ed5abd2a01b83d16755a709de5f5e0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8fbd71e9f0a91dbd5293be1b8ed0fd4c7ddfacd2e87547c053c4123c6bf2c9c7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c0519f1ab8b549dcfacb85b683b1a86789e2e54503cbe0e1711861cd4ce00e31/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c9d34f8297bf1ac80fdd66ecbec1aa74e7cbe913b8dd313efb7abe50572d7269/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c9d34f8297bf1ac80fdd66ecbec1aa74e7cbe913b8dd313efb7abe50572d7269/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c9d34f8297bf1ac80fdd66ecbec1aa74e7cbe913b8dd313efb7abe50572d7269/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/test/mysql",
                "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "fda31b21b86d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456",
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
                "MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0",
                "MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.21-1debian10"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "mysqld"
            ],
            "Image": "mysql",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "aba230174ac8ff6b30d96b4dd6531c29e2119eaed7fb3a75a2f434148f63d220",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ],
                "33060/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/aba230174ac8",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "f2369b3bc5eec1c3eec1b44b2156f714efa43ce857436e365fe55d6e30f2585a",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "b9af030a25416cddef94851a39b76a81238a0e611415e8bd20a822a064355433",
                    "EndpointID": "f2369b3bc5eec1c3eec1b44b2156f714efa43ce857436e365fe55d6e30f2585a",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

3.过滤镜像信息

inspect 命令可以使用 -f 参数来过滤指定的信息

docker inspect -f "{{.key}}" mysql

我们需要的是mysql对外暴露的端口和挂载数据的目录

取得端口

docker inspect -f "{{.Config.ExposedPorts}}" mysql
# 输出
map[3306/tcp:{} 33060/tcp:{}]

可以得到端口为3306或者33060

取得挂载目录

docker inspect -f  "{{.Config.Volumes}}"  mysql
# 输出 
map[/var/lib/mysql:{}]

可以得到端口为 /var/lib/mysql

4.启动mysql

docker run --name mysql -d -p 3306:3306 -v ${PWD}/mysql:/val/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="123456" mysql

-p 指定端口映射
-v 指定目录映射
-e 指定环境变量
mysql支持的环境变量可以从下网址查到

https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql?tab=description

5.连接方式

使用宿主机ip：端口号的方式可以连接到数据库

192.168.1.123:3306

5.使用python测试数据库连接

需要下载pymysql模块

import pymysql
if __name__ == "__main__":

    conn = pymysql.Connect(host='192.168.1.123',
                    user='root',
                    password='123456',
                    port=3306,
                    db='mysql')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    print(cur.execute("show tables"))
    print(*cur.fetchall())
    conn.close()

能输出mysql的表名即连接成功