机器学习9：决策树CART

决策树CART

原理

优缺点

优点：
小规模数据集有效
缺点：
处理连续变量不好
类别较多时，错误增加的比较快
不能处理大量数据

算法实现

from sklearn import tree
import numpy as np

# 载入数据
data = np.genfromtxt("cart.csv", delimiter=",")
x_data = data[1:,1:-1]
y_data = data[1:,-1]

# 创建决策树模型
model = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier()
# 输入数据建立模型
model.fit(x_data, y_data)

# 导出决策树
import graphviz # http://www.graphviz.org/

dot_data = tree.export_graphviz(model, 
                                out_file = None, 
                                feature_names = ['house_yes','house_no','single','married','divorced','income'],
                                class_names = ['no','yes'],
                                filled = True,
                                rounded = True,
                                special_characters = True)
graph = graphviz.Source(dot_data)
graph.render('cart')

决策树-线性二分类举例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn import tree

# 载入数据
data = np.genfromtxt("LR-testSet.csv", delimiter=",")
x_data = data[:,:-1]
y_data = data[:,-1]

plt.scatter(x_data[:,0],x_data[:,1],c=y_data) 
plt.show()

# 创建决策树模型
model = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier()
# 输入数据建立模型
model.fit(x_data, y_data)

 导出决策树
import graphviz # http://www.graphviz.org/

dot_data = tree.export_graphviz(model, 
                                out_file = None, 
                                feature_names = ['x','y'],
                                class_names = ['label0','label1'],
                                filled = True,
                                rounded = True,
                                special_characters = True)
graph = graphviz.Source(dot_data)

# 获取数据值所在的范围
x_min, x_max = x_data[:, 0].min() - 1, x_data[:, 0].max() + 1
y_min, y_max = x_data[:, 1].min() - 1, x_data[:, 1].max() + 1

# 生成网格矩阵
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, 0.02),
                     np.arange(y_min, y_max, 0.02))

z = model.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])# ravel与flatten类似，多维数据转一维。flatten不会改变原始数据，ravel会改变原始数据
z = z.reshape(xx.shape)
# 等高线图
cs = plt.contourf(xx, yy, z)
# 样本散点图
plt.scatter(x_data[:, 0], x_data[:, 1], c=y_data)
plt.show()

predictions = model.predict(x_data)
print(classification_report(predictions,y_data))

决策树-非线性二分类举例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

# 载入数据
data = np.genfromtxt("LR-testSet2.txt", delimiter=",")
x_data = data[:,:-1]
y_data = data[:,-1]
    
plt.scatter(x_data[:,0],x_data[:,1],c=y_data) 
plt.show()

#分割数据
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x_data, y_data) 

# 创建决策树模型
# max_depth，树的深度
# min_samples_split 内部节点再划分所需最小样本数
model = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=7,min_samples_split=4)
# 输入数据建立模型
model.fit(x_train, y_train)

# 导出决策树
import graphviz # http://www.graphviz.org/

dot_data = tree.export_graphviz(model, 
                                out_file = None, 
                                feature_names = ['x','y'],
                                class_names = ['label0','label1'],
                                filled = True,
                                rounded = True,
                                special_characters = True)
graph = graphviz.Source(dot_data)

# 获取数据值所在的范围
x_min, x_max = x_data[:, 0].min() - 1, x_data[:, 0].max() + 1
y_min, y_max = x_data[:, 1].min() - 1, x_data[:, 1].max() + 1

# 生成网格矩阵
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, 0.02),
                     np.arange(y_min, y_max, 0.02))

z = model.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])# ravel与flatten类似，多维数据转一维。flatten不会改变原始数据，ravel会改变原始数据
z = z.reshape(xx.shape)
# 等高线图
cs = plt.contourf(xx, yy, z)
# 样本散点图
plt.scatter(x_data[:, 0], x_data[:, 1], c=y_data)
plt.show()

predictions = model.predict(x_train)
print(classification_report(predictions,y_train))

predictions = model.predict(x_test)
print(classification_report(predictions,y_test))