一、springboot Starter简介
Starter是Spring Boot中的一个非常重要的概念，Starter相当于模块，它能将模块所需的依赖整合起来并对模块内的Bean根据环境（ 条件）进行自动配置。使用者只需要依赖相应功能的Starter，无需做过多的配置和依赖，Spring Boot就能自动扫描并加载相应的模块。
总结：
- 它整合了这个模块需要的依赖库；
- 提供对模块的配置项给使用者、并可以对配置项提供默认值，使得使用者可以不指定配置时提供默认配置项值，也可以根据需要指定配置项值；
- 提供自动配置类对模块内的Bean进行自动装配
例如，在Maven的依赖中加入spring-boot-starter-web就能使项目支持Spring MVC，并且Spring Boot还为我们做了很多默认配置，无需再依赖spring-web、spring-webmvc等相关包及做相关配置就能够立即使用起来。
官方提供的starter有50多种，见：Spring Boot Reference Guide
二、Starter的开发步骤
- 新建Maven项目，在项目的POM文件中定义使用的依赖；
- 新建配置类，写好配置项和默认的配置值，指明配置项前缀；
- 新建自动装配类，使用@Configuration和@Bean来进行自动装配；
- 新建spring.factories文件，指定Starter的自动装配类；
三、Starter的开发示例
要想更好的理解springboot starter的作用，可以通过自定义一个Starter，在过程中进行理解。
下面，我就以创建一个自动配置并连接ElasticSearch的Starter来讲一下各个步骤及细节。
1.新建Maven项目，在项目的POM文件中定义使用的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>es-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.SNAPSHORT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.18</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>x-pack-transport</artifactId>
<version>5.6.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>由于本starter主要是与ElasticSearch建立连接，获得TransportClient对象，所以需要依赖x-pack-transport包。
这里设置了x-pack-transport包的版本5.6.4
2.新建配置类，写好配置项和默认的配置值，指明配置项前缀。
package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.starter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* Created by William on 2018/8/7.
*/
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "sxw.elasticsearch")
public class ElasticSearchProperties {
private String clusterName = "elasticsearch";
private String clusterNodes = "127.0.0.1:9300";
private String userName = "elastic";
private String password = "changeme";
}可见：指定配置项前缀为sxw.elasticsearch，各配置项均有默认值，默认值可以通过模块使用者的配置文件进行覆盖。
- 通过@Data注解自动添加属性的set/get方法
- 通过@ConfigurationProperties(prefix ="sxw.elasticsearch")注解，关联外部配置文件（application.yml或者application.properties）中以sxw.elasticsearch为前缀的配置项，如果设置时替换默认值
- 默认值为声明变量时同时给定的默认值
3.新建自动装配类（JavaConfig），使用@Configuration和@Bean来进行自动装配
package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.starter;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.TransportAddress;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.client.PreBuiltXPackTransportClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* Created by William on 2018/8/7.
*/
@Slf4j
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ElasticSearchProperties.class)
public class ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration implements DisposableBean{
private TransportClient transportClient;
@Resource
private ElasticSearchProperties properties;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(TransportClient.class)
public TransportClient transportClient() {
log.debug("=======" + properties.getClusterName());
log.debug("=======" + properties.getClusterNodes());
log.debug("=======" + properties.getUserName());
log.debug("=======" + properties.getPassword());
log.info("开始建立es连接");
transportClient = new PreBuiltXPackTransportClient(settings());
TransportAddress[] transportAddresses= Arrays.stream(properties.getClusterNodes().split(",")).map (t->{
String[] addressPortPairs = t.split(":");
String address = addressPortPairs[0];
Integer port = Integer.valueOf(addressPortPairs[1]);
try {
return new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName(address), port);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
log.error("连接ElasticSearch失败", e);
throw new RuntimeException ("连接ElasticSearch失败",e);
}
}).collect (Collectors.toList ()).toArray (new TransportAddress[0]);
transportClient.addTransportAddresses(transportAddresses);
return transportClient;
}
private Settings settings() {
return Settings.builder()
.put("cluster.name", properties.getClusterName())
.put("xpack.security.user", properties.getUserName() +
":" + properties.getPassword())
.build();
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
log.info("开始销毁Es的连接");
if (transportClient != null) {
transportClient.close();
}
}
}- 本类主要对TransportClient类进行自动配置;
使用@ConditionalOnMissingBean注解：当Spring容器中没有TransportClient类的对象时，调用transportClient()创建对象;
关于更多Bean的条件装配用法请自行查阅Spring Boot相关文档;
4.新建spring.factories文件，指定Starter的自动装配类。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
cn.sxw.commons.data.es.starter.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration- spring.factories文件位于resources/META-INF目录下，需要手动创建;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration后面的类名说明了自动装配类，如果有多个 ，则用逗号分开;- 使用者应用（SpringBoot）在启动的时候，会通过
org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader读取classpath下每个Starter的spring.factories文件，加载自动装配类进行Bean的自动装配；
至此，整个Starter开发完毕，Deploy到中央仓库或Install到本地仓库后即可使用。
四.Starter的使用
1.创建Maven项目，依赖刚才发布的es-starter包。
pom文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>es-example</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>es-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.SNAPSHORT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>只需依赖刚才开发的es-starter即可
2.编写应用程序启动类
package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
/**
* Created by William on 2018/8/7.
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan("cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example")
public class ExampleApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ExampleApplication.class, args);
}
}- @SpringBootApplication由@SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@ComponentScan三个注解组合而成，其中@EnableAutoConfiguration注解让Spring Boot根据类路径中的jar包依赖为当前项目进行自动配置。
3.编写查询ElasticSearch的使用类
package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* Created by William on 2018/8/7.
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class ExampleRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
private static final String INDEX_NAME = "tb_question";
@Autowired
private TransportClient transportClient;
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) throws Exception {
SearchResponse response = transportClient.prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME)
.setTypes(INDEX_NAME)
.setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
.setFrom(0).setSize(5).execute().actionGet();
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
log.info(String.format("=======总共找到%d条记录", hits.getTotalHits()));
log.info("=======第一页数据：");
for (SearchHit searchHit : hits) {
Map<String, Object> source = searchHit.getSource();
String question = source.get("question").toString();
log.info(question);
}
}
}- 通过实现ApplicationRunner或CommandLineRunner接口，可以实现应用程序启动完成后自动运行run方法，达到测试es-starter模块目的。
- 索引名称tb_question是公司测试环境ElasticSearch中的索引，已存在数据。
4.应用程序配置
sxw:
elasticsearch:
cluster-name: docker-cluster
cluster-nodes: 192.168.2.180:9300,192.168.2.181:9300
user-name: elastic
password: changeme5.运行程序测试
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java "-javaagent:/Applications/开发/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=52434:/Applications/开发/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example.ExampleApplication
objc[2017]: Class JavaLaunchHelper is implemented in both /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java (0x1022a24c0) and /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/libinstrument.dylib (0x1023254e0). One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.0.4.RELEASE)
2018-08-08 16:26:43.161 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.d.es.example.ExampleApplication : Starting ExampleApplication on William.local with PID 2017 (/Users/William/Git/sxw-java/es-spring-boot-starter/es-example/target/classes started by William in /Users/William/Git/sxw-java/es-spring-boot-starter)
2018-08-08 16:26:43.167 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.d.es.example.ExampleApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-08-08 16:26:43.365 INFO 2017 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Wed Aug 08 16:26:43 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-08-08 16:26:45.078 INFO 2017 --- [ main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======docker-cluster
2018-08-08 16:26:45.079 INFO 2017 --- [ main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======192.168.2.180:9300,192.168.2.181:9300
2018-08-08 16:26:45.081 INFO 2017 --- [ main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======elastic
2018-08-08 16:26:45.081 INFO 2017 --- [ main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======changeme
2018-08-08 16:26:45.082 INFO 2017 --- [ main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : 开始建立es连接
2018-08-08 16:26:46.200 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : no modules loaded
2018-08-08 16:26:46.201 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.index.reindex.ReindexPlugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:46.202 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.join.ParentJoinPlugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:46.202 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.percolator.PercolatorPlugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:46.202 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.script.mustache.MustachePlugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:46.202 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.transport.Netty3Plugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:46.202 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.transport.Netty4Plugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:46.202 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.xpack.XPackPlugin]
2018-08-08 16:26:49.137 INFO 2017 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-08-08 16:26:49.157 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.d.es.example.ExampleApplication : Started ExampleApplication in 6.6 seconds (JVM running for 7.915)
2018-08-08 16:26:49.215 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : =======总共找到907条记录
2018-08-08 16:26:49.215 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : =======第一页数据：
2018-08-08 16:26:49.230 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : <p>下列诗句朗读节奏有错误的一项是( )</p>
2018-08-08 16:26:49.230 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : <p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《卧薪尝胆》这个故事出自于（</span> A <span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px">A<span style="font-family:宋体">、司马迁《史记》 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、司马光 《资治通鉴》</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px">C<span style="font-family:宋体">、孔子 《论语》 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">D</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、司马迁《春秋》</span></span></p><p><br/></p>
2018-08-08 16:26:49.230 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : <p style="margin-bottom:7px;margin-bottom:auto;vertical-align:middle"><span style=";font-family:'Cambria Math';font-size:14pxfont-family:宋体,新宋体">填空题</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:7px;margin-bottom:auto;vertical-align:middle"><span style=";font-family:'Cambria Math';font-size:14pxfont-family:宋体,新宋体">该模式给当地带来的主要影响是 </span><span style=";font-family:'Cambria Math';font-size:14px"><br/></span><br/></p><p><br/></p>
2018-08-08 16:26:49.231 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : <p>下列词语没有错别字的一项是( )</p>
2018-08-08 16:26:49.231 INFO 2017 --- [ main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner : <p>语文第16题</p>
2018-08-08 16:26:49.232 INFO 2017 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Wed Aug 08 16:26:43 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-08-08 16:26:49.234 INFO 2017 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
2018-08-08 16:26:49.328 INFO 2017 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : 开始销毁Es的连接
Process finished with exit code 0- 运行程序，观察控制台输出，es-starter成功与ElasticSearch建立连接，且应用程序启动完后ExampleRunner的run方法查询出5条数据。
源代码参考提供：https://github.com/liushiping/examples/tree/master/es-spring-boot-starter
博主github还有lucene、hbase等demo
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