Python基础知识 2022-11-14 ★ 小结 51-56 选择_while循环

选择语句

单分支选择结构

a = int(input("enter a number smaller than 10:"))
if a < 10:
	print(a)

单分支结构中，如果条件语句判断为False，则结束判断

Python中表达式为False的情况

False
0
0.0
空值None
空序列（字符串、列表、元组、字典、集合）
空range对象
空迭代对象

注意：Python条件表达式中不能用=，而要用==来判断是否相等

双分支选择结构

if 条件表达式:
	语句1
else:
	语句2

举例：

s = input('请输入一个数字：')  
  
if int(s)<10:  
    print('s是小于10的数字')  
else:  
    print('s是一个大于等于10的数字')

三元条件运算符

格式：

条件为真时的值 if (条件语句) else 条件为假时的值

上面的例子还可以写成：

s = int(input("请输入一个数字："))
print("s大于10") if s>10 else print("s小于等于10")

多分支选择结构

#测试多分支选择结构  
  
score = int(input("please enter the score:"))  
grade = ""  
  
if score<60:  
    grade = "failed"  
elif score<80:  
    grade = "pass"  
elif score<90:  
    grade = "good"  
else:  
    grade = "excellent"  
  
print("Your score is {0}, grade is {1}".format(score, grade))

注意：多分支结构中的几个分支是有逻辑关系的，不能随意变换顺序

练习：已知坐标x,y，求象限

x = int(input("Please enter the x:"))
y = int(input("Please enter the y:"))

if x>0 and y>0: print("1st quadrant")
elif x<0 and y>0: print("2nd quadrant")
elif x<0 and y<0: print("3rd quadrant")
elif x>0 and y<0: print("4th quadrant")
elif x==0 and y==0: print("the origin point")
elif x==0: print("on the x-axis")
elif y==0: print("on the y-axis")

选择结构嵌套

成绩不同分数与对应等级：

#测试选择结构的嵌套  
  
score = int(input("please enter your score (between 0-100):"))  
grade = ""  
  
if score>100 or score<0:  
    score = int(input("please enter your score (★between 0-100★)"))  
else:  
    if score>=90:  
        grade = "A"  
    elif score>=80:  
        grade = "B"  
    elif score >= 70:  
        grade = "C"  
    elif score >= 60:  
        grade = "D"  
    else:  
        grade = "E"  
    print("your score is {0}, your grade is {1}".format(score, grade))
print("*"*20)

注意：两个print的缩进位置

score = int(input("please enter your score (between 0-100):"))  
grade = "ABCDE"  
num = 0  
  
if score>100 or score<0:  
    score = int(input("please enter your score (★between 0-100★)"))  
else:  
    num = score//10  
    if num <6:  
        num = 5  
    print(grade[9-num])

注意：这个循环是有个问题的，当你输入不符合规则的数字超过一次后，就会终止程序了，所以需要下一节的while循环

while循环语句

循环结构：只要条件不为假，就会一直执行循环内部的语句
注意：循环体里的语句一定要改变条件表达式，才能使循环趋于结束，否则就是个死循环

操作：利用while循环打印0-10的数字

#测试while循环  
  
num = 0  
while num<=10:  
    print(num)  
    num += 1  
  
#计算1-100之间数字的累加和  
num2 = 0  
sum_all = 0  
  
while num2<=100:  
    sum_all = sum_all + num2  
    num2 += 1  
print("1-100数字相加为：", sum_all)