两个集合的容斥关系公式:A∪B =|A∪B| = |A|+|B| - |A∩B |(∩:重合的部分)
三个集合的容斥关系公式:|A∪B∪C| = |A|+|B|+|C| - |A∩B| - |B∩C| - |C∩A| + |A∩B∩C|
最后可以推广到n个集合,集合里的元素为奇数则加,偶数减
百度有证明和详细说明
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=ONESj-EzjxEKYUdznssG9xuOU9bGQWGi0JdxuzGnW6FqGipdVvhLjjX_n52gEg2mJaBNGY7Nf6GlEfiquqbhY_
hdu 4135
很简单,直接求出所有的质因子,然后容斥解决
/********************************************
Author :Crystal
Created Time :
File Name :
********************************************/
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <climits>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int ,int> pii;
#define MEM(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof a)
#define CLR(a) memset(a,0,sizeof a);
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
//#define LOCAL
std::vector<int> v;
void gao(int n){
v.clear();
int res = n;
for(int i=2;i*i<=res;i++){
if(res%i==0){
v.push_back(i);
while(res%i==0)res/=i;
}
}
if(res > 1)v.push_back(res);
}
ll cal(ll n){
ll sum = 0;
sum = n;
int s = v.size();
for(int i=1;i<=(1<<s)-1;i++){
int cnt = 0;
ll ans = 1;
for(int j=0;j<s;j++){
if(i & (1<<j)){
cnt++;
ans *= v[j];
}
}
if(cnt%2){
sum -= n/ans;
}
else sum += n/ans;
}
return sum;
}
int main()
{
#ifdef LOCAL
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
// freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
int t;cin >> t;
int kase = 1;
while(t--){
ll a,b,n;
cin >> a >> b >> n;
gao(n);
printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kase++,cal(b)-cal(a-1));
}
return 0;
}