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本文摘取数据类型部分翻译。
python数据类型:integer、floats、booleans、strings
1. 数据
对于integer与float而言,python没有x++或者x--
number例子:
x = 3
print(type(x)) # type:计算x的数据类型 Prints "<class 'int'>"
print(x) # Prints "3"
print(x + 1) # 加法; prints "4"
print(x - 1) # 减法; prints "2"
print(x * 2) # 乘法; prints "6"
print(x ** 2) # 求幂; prints "9"
x += 1
print(x) # Prints "4"
x *= 2
print(x) # Prints "8"
y = 2.5
print(type(y)) # Prints "<class 'float'>"
print(y, y + 1, y * 2, y ** 2) # Prints "2.5 3.5 5.0 6.25"
2.Boolean
python没有运算符&&、||,而是用英文代替
t = True
f = False
print(type(t)) # Prints "<class 'bool'>"
print(t and f) # 且; prints "False"
print(t or f) # 或; prints "True"
print(not t) # 非; prints "False"
print(t != f) # 不等于; prints "True"
3.String
hello = 'hello' # 单引号表示String
world = "world" # 双引号亦可表示String
print(hello) # Prints "hello"
print(len(hello)) # len:求长; prints "5"
hw = hello + ' ' + world # 使用"+"拼接字符串 # prints "hello world"
hw12 = '%s %s %d' % (hello, world, 12) # 格式化数据转换成string打印
# prints "hello world 12"
string类型包括了一系列可用的方法
s = "hello"
print(s.capitalize()) # Capitalize:首字母大写; prints "Hello"
print(s.upper()) # upper:string转换为大写; prints "HELLO"
print(s.rjust(7)) # rjust:向右对齐string,多余字符使用空格代替; prints " hello"
print(s.center(7)) # Center:string居中,多余字符使用空格代替; prints " hello "
print(s.replace('l', '(ell)')) # replace:string中的某个或某段字符使用另一串string代替;
# prints "he(ell)(ell)o"
print(' world '.strip()) # Strip:去除前后空白字符; prints "world"