一，html5基本表单特性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- autocomplete="off"不记住密码，"on"记住密码 -->
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" autocomplete="off">
<!-- novalidate自动提交表单，不验证，不会出现提示必填 -->
<!-- <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate></form> -->
<!-- 设置type="file"必须加enctype="multipart/form-data" 因为form-data要传到后台去-->
<input type="file">
<label for="">用户名</label>
<!-- required:必填 -->
<input type="text" name="user" placeholder="请输入用户名" required />
<!-- autofocus="autofuces"或直接autofocus:自动聚焦 -->
<!-- <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="请输入用户名" required autofocus/> -->
<label for="">工号</label>
<!-- pattern规定格式：\d{5} 五位数字，[imooc] 任选一个-->
<input type="text" name="gonghao" placeholder="请输入工号" pattern="^\d{5}[imooc]$">
<!-- 和第一行的novalidate相区别，也是不会提示，会提交到后台 -->
<!-- <input type="submit" name="" formnovalidate=""> -->
<!-- 下拉可选列表 -->
<input type="text" list="tips">
<datalist id="tips">
<option value="erwerew1r"></option>
<option value="erwerew2r"></option>
<option value="erwerew3r"></option>
<option value="erwerew4r"></option>
</datalist>
<label for="man">男</label>
<!-- input[type="radio"][name="sex"] -->
<!-- 在radio 中比较明显，点字就可以选上-->
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="man" required>
<label for="woman">女</label>
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="woman" required>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
二，html5表单约束验证API
html5的约束验证API主要有如下几个：
1.willValidate. 元素约束有没有被符合，如果没有，则返回false
2.validity. validate 元素的对象，表示元素所属的验证状态，验证是否成功
3.validationMessage.用于描述与元素相关约束的失败信息
4.checkValidity() 方法. 看元素是否满足任意约束，如果没有满足任何一个满足，返回false.
5.setCustomValidity() 方法。设置自定义验证信息。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<style>
/*
伪元素美化,手机端safari不支持,用绝对定位
去掉框末尾的“ × ”。
*/
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button{
-webkit-appearance: none;
height: 15px;
width: 15px;
background-color: blueviolet;
}
/* 去掉上下箭头 */
input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{
-webkit-appearance: none;
margin:0;
}
</style>
<body>
<form action="">
<!-- 加了required,valueMissing变成true,如果在加上value="abc",就又变成false -->
<!-- <input type="text" id="username" value="abc" required> -->
<!--maxlength和minlength对应toolong和tooshort,toolong和tooshoort恒对应false，所有是没有是没用的 -->
<!-- <input type="text" id="username" maxlength="5" minlength="1"> -->
<input type="number" id="numbers" oninput="checklength(this,5)">
<!-- step="3"和stepMismatch匹配，每次加减3，如果想保留两位就step="0.01"-->
<!-- <input type="number" id="numbers" step="3" οninput="checklength(this,5)"> -->
<!--pattern 对应 patternMismatch，加了value="abcdefg"变成true，因为不通过 -->
<input type="text" id="username" value="abcdefg" pattern="^\d{5}">
<!-- 和typeMismatch对应，加了value="abcdefg"变成true，因为不通过-->
<!-- <input type="url" id="url" value="abcdefg" > -->
<input type="email" id="email" value="abcdefg" >
<input type="search" id="search" value="">
<!-- max和true对应rangeOverflow和rangeUnderflow,value值超出变成true-->
<!-- <input type="number" id="numbers" max="5" min="3" > -->
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
<script>
//一般不直接用username
//console.log(document.getElementById("username")===username);
console.log(username.validity);
console.log(email.validity);
console.log(numbers.validity);
//定长输入
function checklength(obj,length){
if(obj.value>length){
obj.value=obj.value.substr(0,length);
}
}
// checkValidaity的使用
if(email.checkValidity()){
alert("是一个邮箱")
}else{
alert("不是一个邮箱")
}
if(username.checkValidity()){
alert("用户名符合")
}else{
alert("用户名不符合")
}
</script>
</html>
三，html5约束验证API之setCustomValidity()
setCustomValidity()：
设置自定义验证信息，用于即将实施与验证的约束来覆盖预定义的信息
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>form test</title>
<style>
input[type="text"]{border:1px solid #ccc;width:150px;height: 30px;border-radius: 5px;}
input[type="submit"]{background-color:#eee ;border: 1px solid #ddd;width: 60px;height: 33px;border-radius: 5px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="" name="text">
<input type="text" required pattern="^\d{4}$" oninput="checkit(this)" placeholder="请输入代码">
<input type="submit" value="验证">
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function checkit(obj){
console.log(obj.validity);
var it=obj.validity;
if(true===it.valueMissing){
obj.setCustomValidity("不能为空！");
}else{
if(true===it.patternMismatch){
obj.setCustomValidity("必须是4个数字！");
}else{
obj.setCustomValidity("");
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
效果：
四，html5自带美化
一些伪类和选择器
1，:required和:optional 必填的和选填的 。
2，:in-range和:out-of-range 在范围之内和不在范围之内，通常和最大，最小值相对应。
3，:valid和:invalid 符合要求的和不符合要求的。
4，:read-only和:read-write。
“+” 选择器：
h1+p{margin-top:50px;}//h1后面的第一个p元素会有50px的间距
“~” 选择器
p~ul //所有相同的父元素中位于p元素之后的所有ul元素
{
background:#ff000;
}
required和optional美化表单
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.container{max-width: 400px;margin: 20px auto;}
input,select,textarea{width: 240px;margin: 10px 0;border: 1px solid #999;padding: .5em 1en;}
label{color: #999;margin-left:10px;}
input:required,textarea:required{
border-right: 3px solid #aa0088;
}
input:optional,select:optional{
border-right: 3px solid #999;
}
input:required +label::after{
content: "(必填)";
}
input:optional +label::after{
content: "(选填)";
}
input:focus,select:focus,textarea:focus{outline: 0}
input:required:focus,select:required:focus,textarea:required:focus{
box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px #aa0088;
}
input:optional:focus,select:optional:focus,textarea:optional:focus{
box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px #999;
}
input[type="submit"]{
background-color: #cc00aa;
border: 2px solid #aa0088;
padding: 10px 0;
color: #fff;
}
input[type="submit"]:hover{
background-color: #aa0088;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form action="#">
<input class="name" required><label >名称</label>
<input class="email" required><label >邮箱</label>
<input class="tel"><label >手机</label>
<input class="url"><label >网址</label>
<select name="#" >
<option value="1">非必填选项一</option>
<option value="2">非必填选项二</option>
<option value="3">非必填选项三</option>
<option value="4">非必填选项四</option>
</select>
<textarea name="#" cols="30" rows="10" placeholder="留言(必填)" required></textarea>
<input type="submit" value="提交表单">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果：
五，html5 valid和invalid伪类美化
动态表单效果
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>纯css表单验证美化(invalid和valid)</title>
</head>
<style>
.container{margin: 100px;position: relative;}
input{border:1px solid #999;outline: 0;width: 140px;height: 30px;line-height: 30px;
text-indent: 36px;transition: all .3s;border-radius: 4px;}
span.title{position: absolute;line-height: 30px;height: 30px;left:2px;top: 2px;
transition:all .3s;}
input:focus,input:hover{
text-indent: 2px;
}
input:focus +span.title,input:hover +span.title{
transform: translateX(-120%);
}
input:valid ~label::after{content: "你输入邮箱正确";}
input:invalid ~label::after{content: "你邮箱错误";}
input:valid{border: 1px solid green;}
input:invalid{border: 1px solid red;}
</style>
<body>
<div class="container">
<input type="email" id="mail" required placeholder="输入邮箱">
<span class="title">邮箱</span>
<label for="mail"></label>
</div>
</body>
</html>
动态效果：
六，html5表单验证美化综合
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>jtml5表单验证美化综合</title>
<!--
用到三个事件；
1，onint事件
2，oninvalid事件
3，onchange事件
-->
</head>
<style>
.oneList{margin:10px 0 5px 12px;}
.oneList label{width:80px;display:inline-block}
.oneList input,.oneList select{height:25px;line-height:25px;
width:220px;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid #e2e2e2;}
.oneList input[type="submit"]{width:150px;height:30px;line-height:30px;}
input:required,select:required{
background: url(img/star.png) no-repeat 90% center;
}
input:required:valid,select:required:valid{
background: url(img/right.png) no-repeat 90% center;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px green;
border-color: green;
}
input:focus:invalid,select:focus:valid{
background: url(img/error.png) no-repeat 90% center;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px red;
border-color: red;
outline: red solid 1px;
}
</style>
<body>
<form class="myform" method="post">
<div class="oneList">
<label for="UserName">手机号</label>
<input name="UserName" id="UserName" type="text"
placeholder="请输入手机号码" pattern="^1[0-9]{10}$"
oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')" oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('请输入正确手机号！')" required >
</div>
<div class="oneList">
<label for="Password">密码</label>
<input name="Password" id="Password" type="password" onchange="checkpassword()"
oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')" oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('请输入正确密码！')" placeholder="确认密码" required>
</div>
<div class="oneList">
<label for="Repassword">确认密码</label>
<input name="Repassword" id="Repassword" type="password" onchange="checkpassword()"
placeholder="6~20位" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9]\w{5,19}$" required>
</div>
<div class="oneList">
<label for="Repassword">了解方式</label>
<select name="know" required>
<option value="">==请选择==</option>
<option value="1">搜索引擎</option>
<option value="2">朋友圈</option>
<option value="3">朋友推广</option>
<option value="4">广告投放</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="oneList">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</div>
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function checkpassword(){
var pass1=document.getElementById("Password"),pass2=document.getElementById
("Repassword");
if(pass1.value!=pass2.value){
pass2.setCustomValidity("两次密码输入不一致");
}else{
pass2.setCustomValidity("");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
效果：
七，默认气泡修改
在不同的内核的浏览器中，其气泡样式不同，为其，可进行默认气泡的修改。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<style>
.onelist{line-height: 1.5;margin: 10px auto;}
.onelist label{width: 100px;text-indent: 15px;font-size:14px;
font-family: "Microsoft Yahei";display: inline-block;}
.onelist .sinput{width: 60%;height: 30px;border-radius: 6px;
border:1px solid #e2e2e2}
.onelist input[type="submit"]{margin-left: 20px;width:80px;height: 30px;
border: 0;background-color: #5899d0;color: #fff;font-size: 14px;
border-radius:6px;}
.error-message{color: red;font-size: 12px;text-indent:108px}
</style>
<body>
<form id="forms">
<div class="onelist">
<label for="name">用户名:</label>
<input id="name" name="name" class="sinput" required>
</div>
<div class="onelist">
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" class="sinput" required>
</div>
<div class="onelist">
<input type="submit" value="提交" id="thesubmit">
</div>
</form>
<script>
function replaceInvalidityUi(form){
form.addEventListener("invalid",function(event){
event.preventDefault()
},true)
form.addEventListener("submit",function(event){
if(!this.checkValidity){
event.preventDefault();
}
})
var submitBtn=document.getElementById("thesubmit");
submitBtn.addEventListener("click",function(event){
var inValidityField=form.querySelectorAll(":invalid"),
errorMessage=form.querySelectorAll(".error-message"),
parent;
for(var i=0;i<errorMessage.length;i++){
errorMessage[i].parentNode.removeChild(errorMessage[i]);
}
for(var i=0;i<inValidityField.length;i++){
parent=inValidityField[i].parentNode;
parent.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","<div class='error-message'>"+inValidityField[i].validationMessage+"</div>");
}
if(inValidityField.length>0){
inValidityField[0].focus();
}
})
}
var form=document.getElementById("forms");
replaceInvalidityUi(form);
</script>
</body>
</html>
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