C++中的模板应用广泛,下面从三个方面进行简介:
1. 类模板 class template
声明:
template<typename T>
class complex
{
public:
complex (T r = 0, T i = 0)
: re (r), im(i)
{ }
complex& operator += (const complex&);
T real () const { return re; }
T img () const { return im; }
private:
T re, im;
friend complex& _doapl (complex*, const complex&);
};
使用举例:
{
complex<double> c1(2.5, 1.5);
complex<int> c2(2, 6);
...
}
2. 函数模板
声明:
template <class T>
inline const T& min(const T& a, const T& b)
{
return b < a ? b : a;
}
class stone
{
public:
stone(int w, int h, int we)
: _w(w), _h(h), _weight(we)
{ }
bool operator< (const stone& rhs) const
{
return _weight < rhs._weight;
}
private:
int _w, _h, _weight;
};
使用举例:
{
stone r1(2, 3), r2(3, 3), r3;
r3 = min(r1, r2);
...
}
3. 成员模板
声明:
class Base1 { };
class Derived1: public Base1 { };
class Base2 { };
class Derived2: public Base2 { };
pair<Derived1, Derived2> p;
pair<Base1, Base2> p2(p);
// pair<Base1, Base2> p2(pair<Derived1, Derived2>());
template <class T1, class T2>
struct pair {
...
T1 first;
T2 second;
pair() : first(T1()), second(T2()) {}
pair(const T1& a, const T2& b) :
first(a), second(b) {}
template<class U1, class U2>
pair(const pair<U1, U2>& p) :
first(p.first), second(p.second) {}
};