下面将编写一个c/s结构的程序,主要功能是client将向server发送一些消息,而当server收到client的请求时,并向client发送一条回应信息。
server.c代码如下:
- #include <stdio .h>
- #include < stdlib .h>
- #include < errno .h>
- #include < string .h>
- #include < sys /types.h>
- #include < netinet /in.h>
- #include < sys /socket.h>
- #include < sys /wait.h>
- #define SERVPORT 3333
- #define BACKLOG 10
- #define MAXSIZE 1024
- int main() {
- int sockfd,client_fd;
- struct sockaddr_in my_addr;
- struct sockaddr_in remote_addr;
- //创建套接字
- if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) == -1) {
- perror("socket create failed!");
- exit(1);
- }
- //绑定端口地址
- my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- my_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
- my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
- bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero),8);
- if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) {
- perror("bind error!");
- exit(1);
- }
- //监听端口
- if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1) {
- perror("listen error");
- exit(1);
- }
- while (1) {
- int sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
- if ((client_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&remote_addr,&sin_size)) == -1) {
- perror("accept error!");
- continue;
- }
- printf("Received a connection from %s\n", (char*)inet_ntoa(remote_addr.sin_addr));
- //子进程段
- if (!fork()) {
- //接受client发送的请示信息
- int rval;
- char buf[MAXSIZE];
- if ((rval = read(client_fd, buf, MAXSIZE)) < 0) {
- perror("reading stream error!");
- continue;
- }
- printf("%s\n",buf);
- //向client发送信息
- char* msg = "Hello,Mr hqlong, you are connected!\n";
- if (send(client_fd, msg, strlen(msg), 0) == -1) perror("send error!");
- close(client_fd);
- exit(0);
- }
- close(client_fd);
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <stdio .h>
#include < stdlib .h>
#include < errno .h>
#include < string .h>
#include < sys /types.h>
#include < netinet /in.h>
#include < sys /socket.h>
#include < sys /wait.h>
#define SERVPORT 3333
#define BACKLOG 10
#define MAXSIZE 1024
int main() {
int sockfd,client_fd;
struct sockaddr_in my_addr;
struct sockaddr_in remote_addr;
//创建套接字
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) == -1) {
perror("socket create failed!");
exit(1);
}
//绑定端口地址
my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero),8);
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) {
perror("bind error!");
exit(1);
}
//监听端口
if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1) {
perror("listen error");
exit(1);
}
while (1) {
int sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if ((client_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&remote_addr,&sin_size)) == -1) {
perror("accept error!");
continue;
}
printf("Received a connection from %s\n", (char*)inet_ntoa(remote_addr.sin_addr));
//子进程段
if (!fork()) {
//接受client发送的请示信息
int rval;
char buf[MAXSIZE];
if ((rval = read(client_fd, buf, MAXSIZE)) < 0) {
perror("reading stream error!");
continue;
}
printf("%s\n",buf);
//向client发送信息
char* msg = "Hello,Mr hqlong, you are connected!\n";
if (send(client_fd, msg, strlen(msg), 0) == -1) perror("send error!");
close(client_fd);
exit(0);
}
close(client_fd);
}
return 0;
}
编译并启动服务
- hqlong@ubuntu:~$ gcc server.c -o server
- hqlong@ubuntu:~$./server &
hqlong@ubuntu:~$ gcc server.c -o server
hqlong@ubuntu:~$./server &
这里我们的server已经作为一个服务后台运行,如果想知道后台的服务的运行状态,可能使用netstat来查看.
- hqlong@ubuntu:~/t$ netstat -nl | grep 3333
hqlong@ubuntu:~/t$ netstat -nl | grep 3333
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3333 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
可以看出3333端口已经在监听,这说明服务已经启动。
为了测试server是否可以接受client的请求,可以使用telnet来进行测试。
hqlong@ubuntu:~$ telnet 127.0.0.1 3333
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Received a connection from 127.0.0.1
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
test
test
Hello,Mr hqlong, you are connected!
Connection closed by foreign host.
可以看出,我们使用telnet来连接刚所启动的server,然后向该server发送了一条信息”test”,server收到了这条信息后,向client发送了一条响应信息,告诉我们,我们已经连接上了。
接下来来编写自己的client程序,完成的功能和上面的telnet的测试功能一样,向server发送一条信息,server在收到这条信息后,向client发送一条响应信息。
代码如下:client.c
- #include < stdio .h>
- #include < stdlib .h>
- #include < errno .h>
- #include < string .h>
- #include < sys /types.h>
- #include < netinet /in.h>
- #include < sys /socket.h>
- #include < sys /wait.h>
- #define SERVPORT 3333
- #define MAXDATASIZE 100
- #define SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1"
- #define DATA "this is a client message"
- int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
- int sockfd, recvbytes;
- char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
- struct hostent *host;
- struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
- if (( sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
- perror("socket error!");
- exit(1);
- }
- bzero(&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
- serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
- serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr= inet_addr(SERVER_IP);
- if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) {
- perror("connect error!");
- exit(1);
- }
- write(sockfd,DATA, sizeof(DATA));
- if ((recvbytes = recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE,0)) == -1) {
- perror("recv error!");
- exit(1);
- }
- buf[recvbytes] = '\0';
- printf("Received: %s",buf);
- close(sockfd);
- return 0;
- }
#include < stdio .h>
#include < stdlib .h>
#include < errno .h>
#include < string .h>
#include < sys /types.h>
#include < netinet /in.h>
#include < sys /socket.h>
#include < sys /wait.h>
#define SERVPORT 3333
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
#define SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define DATA "this is a client message"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
int sockfd, recvbytes;
char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
struct hostent *host;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
if (( sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket error!");
exit(1);
}
bzero(&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr= inet_addr(SERVER_IP);
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) {
perror("connect error!");
exit(1);
}
write(sockfd,DATA, sizeof(DATA));
if ((recvbytes = recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE,0)) == -1) {
perror("recv error!");
exit(1);
}
buf[recvbytes] = '\0';
printf("Received: %s",buf);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
编译运行
hqlong@ubuntu:~$ gcc client.c -o client
hqlong@ubuntu:~$ ./client
Received a connection from 127.0.0.1
Hello,Mr hqlong, you are connected!
Connection closed by foreign host.
以上就是整个服务器端和客户端程序的编写。
。服务器程序建立了一个socket,并调用bind函数将此socket 和本地协议端口联系起来,然后用listen和accept函数将此socket参数置于被动的监听模式并接收到建立连接。
客户程序也建立一个socket,接着调用connect函数启动网络对话。在客户和服务器建立连接以后,就可以用read、write等函数进行通信了。具体函数细节请参考linux c函数手册