I/O芯片扩展开发

概述

CPU上的GPIO口特别有限，所以想着给现有的单板做一个I/O扩展。方案是QCA9563通过I2C，外接MCP23017，可以外出16路I/O口。配置I/O口为固定方向，8个为一组，一组输出一组输入。

实现

刚开始打算直接通过QCA9563自带的I2C口控制器进行控制MCP23017芯片，但是在开发的过程中才发现没有I2C控制器驱动代码。可能由于这款芯片太新了，开源代码还没有适配，最后想着用GPIO模拟I2C的方式进行控制的。

1. 首先选中GPIO模拟I2C驱动部分
   
2. 注册I2C设备

   static struct ath79_i2c_platform_data ath79_i2c_pdata = {
   .sda_pin = 5,//选中的GPIO口，串行数据线
   .scl_pin = 6,//选中的GPIO口，串行时钟线
   .udelay = 5,
   .timeout = 100,
   .sda_is_open_drain = 1,
   .scl_is_open_drain = 1,
   };
   static struct resource ath79_i2c_resources[] = {
   	{
   		.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
   		.start = AR71XX_GPIO_BASE,
   		.end = AR71XX_GPIO_BASE + AR71XX_GPIO_SIZE - 1,
   	},
   	{
   		.start	= ATH79_MISC_IRQ(8),
   		.end	= ATH79_MISC_IRQ(8),
   		.flags	= IORESOURCE_IRQ,
   	},
   };
   static struct platform_device ath79_i2c_device = {
   	.name		= "i2c-gpio",
   	.id		= -1,
   	.resource	= ath79_i2c_resources,
   	.num_resources	= ARRAY_SIZE(ath79_i2c_resources),
   	.dev = {
   		.platform_data	= &ath79_i2c_pdata
   	},
   };
   platform_device_register(&ath79_i2c_device);
   

   驱动跑起来之后，会创建一个i2c设备/dev/i2c-0.
3. 应用层开发
   提供读写接口：

   #define MCP23017_ADDRESS 0x20 /* mcp23017 address 通过查手册和硬件走线即可确定*/
   //通过/dev/i2c-0设备进行读
   int mcp23017_read(unsigned char regaddr, unsigned char *value)
   {
       int ret = 0;
       /* read data from mcp23017 */
       /* we used to start singnal */
       memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
       memset(buf2, 0, sizeof(buf2));
       i2c_data.nmsgs = 2;
       i2c_data.msgs[0].len = 1;
       i2c_data.msgs[0].addr = MCP23017_ADDRESS;
       i2c_data.msgs[0].flags = 0;     /* write */
       i2c_data.msgs[0].buf = buf1;
       buf1[0] = regaddr;   /* regaddr */
       
       i2c_data.msgs[1].len = 1;   /* test read twice ,2 */
       i2c_data.msgs[1].addr = 0x20;
       i2c_data.msgs[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;
       i2c_data.msgs[1].buf = buf2;   /* read buff */
   
       ret = ioctl (i2c_fd, I2C_RDWR, (unsigned long)&i2c_data);
       if (ret < 0)
       {
   #ifdef IOEXTEND_DEBUG
           print_file("[%s %d]ioctl read error\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
   #endif
           return RET_ERR;
       }
   
       *value = buf2[0];
   #ifdef IOEXTEND_DEBUG
       print_file("[%s %d]%s value:0x%2x\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, register_to_string[regaddr], buf2[0]);
   #endif
       return RET_OK;
   }
   

   //通过/dev/i2c-0设备进行写
   int mcp23017_write(unsigned char regaddr, unsigned char value)
   {
       int ret = 0;
       /* write data to mcp23017 */
       i2c_data.nmsgs = 1;
       i2c_data.msgs[0].len = 2;
       i2c_data.msgs[0].addr = MCP23017_ADDRESS;  /* 0100 A2A1A0 R/W  7-bit i2c addresses */
       i2c_data.msgs[0].flags = 0;   /* write */
       i2c_data.msgs[0].buf = buf1;
       buf1[0] = regaddr;  /* regaddr*/
       buf1[1] = value;   /* write value */
   
       ret = ioctl (i2c_fd, I2C_RDWR, (unsigned long)&i2c_data);
       if (ret < 0)
       {
   #ifdef IOEXTEND_DEBUG
           print_file("[%s %d]ioctl read error\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
   #endif
           return RET_ERR;
       }
       return RET_OK;
   }
   

   //初始化/dev/i2c-0
   int mcp23017_init()
   {
       i2c_fd = open("/dev/i2c-0", O_RDWR);
       if (i2c_fd < 0)
       {
   #ifdef IOEXTEND_DEBUG
           print_file("[%s %d]Error on opening the /dev/i2c-0 file i2c_fd:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, i2c_fd);
   #endif
           return RET_ERR;
       }
       ioctl(i2c_fd, I2C_TIMEOUT, 2);
       ioctl(i2c_fd, I2C_RETRIES, 1);
   
       i2c_data.nmsgs = 2;
       i2c_data.msgs = (struct i2c_msg *)malloc(i2c_data.nmsgs * sizeof(struct i2c_msg));
       if (!i2c_data.msgs)
       {
   #ifdef IOEXTEND_DEBUG
           print_file("[%s %d]Memory alloc error\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
   #endif
           close(i2c_fd);
           return RET_ERR;
       }
       mcp23017_write(REG_IODIRA, 0x00); /* out put module */
       mcp23017_write(REG_IODIRB, 0xff);  /* in put module */
       mcp23017_write(REG_GPIOA,  0xff);
       return RET_OK;
   }
   

总结

通过read、write接口就可以控制MCP23017芯片，如果想要实时获取芯片上的状态，需要把芯片上的中断引脚解出来，根据中断来读。或者采用轮询模式进行读状态。