问题描述:
The following program prints the information that "13-1 is greater than 15". What is going on and why was no diagnostic produced?
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
void f(int n)
{
//int labs, research;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
if(n>0)
{
//std::cout<<research<<std::endl;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
int labs, research;
std::cout<<research<<std::endl;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
research=n-1;
std::cout<<research<<std::endl;
if (research>15)
labs=3;
else
labs=0;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
if (labs)
labs*=100;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
}
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
if(labs)
printf("%d-1 is greater than 15\n",n);
}
int main(){f(13);return 0;}
1
1
0
2
12
0
0
1
13-1 is greater than 15
Verify:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
void f(int n)
{
int labs, research;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
if(n>0)
{
std::cout<<research<<std::endl;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
//int labs, research;
std::cout<<research<<std::endl;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
research=n-1;
std::cout<<research<<std::endl;
if (research>15)
labs=3;
else
labs=0;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
if (labs)
labs*=100;
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
}
std::cout<<labs<<std::endl;
if(labs)
printf("%d-1 is greater than 15\n",n);
}
int main(){f(13);return 0;}
2
0
2
0
2
12
0
0
0
想法:
确实是作用域范围和初始化的问题,如果在外面定义就没问题,在未初始化的情况下系统给labs和research分配的初值分别是2和0(固定,不知道为啥,疑点一);若按照原来的程序,在if代码块内执行,labs\research取值正常,labs最终得1,但是到了if代码块外部,在为定义和初始化labs的情况下,系统大概自动给if中的labs分配了存储空间和初值,初值为1(疑点二)
>>>>>>>>>Update>>>>>>>>>:
labs 是一个 在stdlib.h 中定义的一个函数,所以是有定义的,就不存在 没定义崩溃的情况。
labs是C++中的绝对值函数:
C\C++ 中的绝对值函数:
整型abs()、复数cabs()、双精度浮点型fabs()、长整型labs()
不同类型的数据使用不同类型的绝对值函数:
整型: