【Leetcode Python】 #13 Roman to Integer

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

Example 5:

Input: “MCMXCIV”
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

1. 从正序去查看后一个数字是否比自己大

	numeral_map = {'I':1, 'V':5, 'X':10, 'L':50, 'C':100, 'D':500, 'M':1000}
	i = 0
	result = 0
	while i < len(s):
	    if i < len(s)-1 and numeral_map[s[i+1]] > numeral_map[s[i]]:
	         result += numeral_map[s[i+1]] - numeral_map[s[i]]
	         i += 2
	    else:
	         result += numeral_map[s[i]]
	         i += 1
	return result

Runtime: 40 ms, faster than 88.62% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.
Memory Usage: 13.7 MB, less than 5.38% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.

Runtime: 36 ms, faster than 96.31% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.
Memory Usage: 13.9 MB, less than 5.38% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.

遇到问题：dict{}内赋值用了“=”； i < len(s)-1未加这句时说超出了字符串索引范围

2. 每遇一个就加，倒回去查看前一个数字是否比自己小, 小的话就多减一个

	numeral_map = dict(I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C=100, D=500, M=1000)
	result=0
	for i in range(len(s)):
		if i > 0 and numeral_map[s[i]]>numeral_map[s[i-1]]:
			# result = M + C
			# temp = M - C
			# result = M + C - temp
			# expected_result = M + C + M - C - C = (M + C) + (M - 2C)
			result += numeral_map[s[i]] - 2 * numeral_map[s[i-1]]
		else:
			result += numeral_map[s[i]]
	return result

Runtime: 40 ms, faster than 88.72% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.
Memory Usage: 13.8 MB, less than 5.38% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.

Runtime: 48 ms, faster than 51.92% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.
Memory Usage: 13.9 MB, less than 5.38% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.

总结发现：
方法二貌似会慢一些，因为方法一不用每个都访问下一位。
而且貌似定义一会比定义二快一些

• 定义一：numeral_map = {‘I’:1, ‘V’:5, ‘X’:10, ‘L’:50, ‘C’:100, ‘D’:500, ‘M’:1000}
• 定义二：numeral_map = dict(I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C=100, D=500, M=1000)